{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T12:52:58Z","timestamp":1767963178857,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]],"date-time":"2015-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA 107476, CA186781, and CA 168762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA 107476, CA186781, and CA 168762"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There have been major advances in the diagnosis, staging, risk\u2010stratification, and management of multiple myeloma (MM). In addition to established CRAB (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, and lytic bone lesions) features, new diagnostic criteria include three new biomarkers to diagnose the disease: bone marrow clonal plasmacytosis \u226560%, serum involved\/uninvolved free light chain ratio \u2265100, and &gt;1 focal lesion on magnetic resonance imaging. MM can be classified into several subtypes based on baseline cytogenetics, and prognosis varies according to underlying cytogenetic abnormalities. A Revised International Staging System has been developed which combines markers of tumor burden (albumin, beta\u20102 microglobulin) with markers of aggressive disease biology (high\u2010risk cytogenetics and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase). Although the approach to therapy remains largely the same, the treatment options at every stage of the disease have changed. Carfilzomib, pomalidomide, panobinostat, daratumumab, elotuzumab, and ixazomib have been approved for the treatment of the disease. These drugs combined with older agents such as cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, thalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide dramatically increase the repertoire of regimens available for the treatment of MM. This review provides a concise overview of recent advances in MM, including updates to diagnostic criteria, staging, risk\u2010stratification, and management. Am. J. Hematol. 91:90\u2013100, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]],"date-time":"2015-11-13T15:58:47Z","timestamp":1447430327000},"page":"90-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Myeloma today: Disease definitions and treatment advances"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"S. Vincent","family":"Rajkumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23810"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2013.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AttalM Lauwers\u2010CancesV HulinC et al. Autologous Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma in the Era of New Drugs: A Phase III Study of the Intergroupe Francophone Du Myelome (IFM\/DFCI 2009 Trial). ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts2015;126:A391.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V126.23.391.391"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199911183412102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043445"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-07-2817"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-04-015909"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62051-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2011.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-06-297853"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa01133202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70442-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2012.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.10554"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12346"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1300439"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1106428"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.309"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A8607","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.8607","article-title":"Modeling the risk of progression in smoldering multiple myeloma","volume":"32","author":"Waxman AJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-08-108357"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.296"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.5356"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.230"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-03-213280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2015.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2015.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-09-568899"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.57.9961"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-390658"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PandeyS RajkumarSV KapoorP et al. Impact of FISH Abnormalities on Response to Lenalidomide in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.2013;122:3210.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V122.21.3210.3210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2015.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.39.6820"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61424-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2013.258"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2013.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.48.4923"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-12-615187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70143-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197509)36:3<842::AID-CNCR2820360303>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.242"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2009.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.61.2267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-05-088443"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04654.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-07-515239"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-11-568907"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-01-550020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.115162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70284-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-04-205013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2009.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.31.6844"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-344333"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2405062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-395749"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-268862"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2009.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-271676"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-05-355081"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DurieBGM HoeringA RajkumarSV et al. Bortezomib Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone vs. Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in Patients (Pts) with Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma Without an Intent for Immediate Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT): Results of the Randomized Phase III Trial SWOG S0777. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts2015;126:A25.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V126.23.25.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06639.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","first-page":"1220","article-title":"Total therapy 3 for multiple myeloma: Prognostic implications of cumulative dosing and premature discontinuation of VTD maintenance components, bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone, relevant to all phases of therapy","volume":"116","author":"Rhee F","journal-title":"Blood 2010;"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-11-255620"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70187-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.29.8216"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70081-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2010.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-04-422683"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V122.21.538.538"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402551"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801479"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.0638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1112704"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-12-613927"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2015.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PalumboA BringhenS RossiD et al. Overall survival benefit for bortezomib\u2010melphalan\u2010prednisone\u2010thalidomide followed by maintenance with bortezomib\u2010thalidomide (VMPT\u2010VT) versus bortezomib\u2010melphalan\u2010prednisone (VMP) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. ASH Annu Meet Abstr2012;120:200.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V120.21.200.200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607113350204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022340"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-01-0073"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(03)01077-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.9.3131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","first-page":"685a","article-title":"Front\u2010line or rescue autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) following a first course of high dose melphalan (HDM) in multiple myeloma (MM). Preliminary results of a prospective randomized trial (CIAM) protocol","volume":"88","author":"Facon T","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.5807"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032290"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.10.2509"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","first-page":"S59","article-title":"Single versus tandem high dose therapy (HDT) supported with autologous blood stem cell (ABSC) transplantation using unselected or CD34\u2010enriched ABSC: Results of a two by two designed randomized trial in 230 young patients with multiple myeloma (MM)","volume":"4","author":"Fermand JP","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hematol J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","first-page":"S61","article-title":"Tandem autolgous transplantation in multiple myeloma: The GMMG experience","volume":"4","author":"Goldschmidt H","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hematol J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-173526"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-05-022962"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.8573"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114138"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2012.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/79.7.867"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2014.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-07-517276"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-11-538835"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-03-563759"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2014.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V122.21.690.690","article-title":"Phase I\/II dose expansion of a multi\u2010center trial of carfilzomib and pomalidomide with dexamethasone (Car\u2010Pom\u2010d) in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"122","author":"Stadtmauer EA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70380-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411321"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_111_1","article-title":"Carfilzomib and dexamethasone (Kd) vs bortezomib and dexamethasone (Vd) in patients (pts) with relapsed multiple myeloma (RMM): Results from the phase III study ENDEAVOR","author":"Dimopoulos MA","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70440-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505654"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MoreauP MassziT GrzaskoN et al. Ixazomib an Investigational Oral Proteasome Inhibitor (PI) in Combination with Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (IRd) Significantly Extends Progression\u2010Free Survival (PFS) for Patients (Pts) with Relapsed and\/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM): The Phase 3 Tourmaline\u2010MM1 Study (NCT01564537). ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts2015;126:A727.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V126.23.727.727"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.23.6802"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2010.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-348896"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-05-425934"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-414359"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503221102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.46.7068"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2015.33.18_suppl.lba8512","article-title":"Phase II study of daratumumab (DARA) monotherapy in patients with \u22653 lines of prior therapy or double refractory multiple myeloma (MM): MMY2002 (Sirius)","volume":"33","author":"Lonial S","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajh.24236","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajh.24236","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:10:02Z","timestamp":1694477402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajh.24236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajh.24236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.24236","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0361-8609","1096-8652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0361-8609","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-8652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]]}}}