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Using mouse models carrying primary human acute lymphoblast leukemia derived from MLL\u2010AF9\u2010overexpressing human hematopoietic stem cells, we demonstrate that allogeneic lymphocyte infusion (ALI)\u2010mediated graft\u2010vs.\u2010leukemia effects selectively spare leukemia cells in the bone marrow. The resistance of leukemia cells to ALI within bone marrow is due to the immunosuppressive status of the tissue, as ALI achieved a significantly increased complete remission rate when leukemia cells were dislodged from bone marrow by treatment with a CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. Adoptive transfer experiments confirmed that the frequency of leukemia\u2010initiating cells in bone marrow was significantly decreased in the recipients treated with ALI plus AMD3100 compared to those receiving ALI only. These findings indicate that the immunoprivileged nature of bone marrow is largely responsible for relapse after immunotherapies, and that treatment with AMD3100 may offer a clinically\u2010practical approach to improving the outcome of adoptive allogeneic cell therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,31]],"date-time":"2018-03-31T05:45:01Z","timestamp":1522475101000},"page":"786-793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["CXCR4 blockade improves leukemia eradication by allogeneic lymphocyte infusion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Chun\u2010Hui","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Hospital, Institute of Immunology and International Center of Future Science of Jilin University Changchun China"},{"name":"Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine Columbia University 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