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Patients with optimal responses to TKIs have achieved long\u2010term survival, and treatment\u2010free remission (TFR) has since become an additional treatment goal in CML. In this review, we discuss important factors to consider prior to stopping treatment. In addition, published and presented data with the first\u2010generation TKI imatinib, as well as current clinical trials evaluating TFR with the second\u2010generation TKIs dasatinib and nilotinib, are examined. Results obtained outside of clinical trials have been included as well. Because successful TKI discontinuation depends upon accurate <jats:italic>BCR\u2010ABL1<\/jats:italic> monitoring, emerging technologies are also discussed. Clinical data obtained to date indicate that for many patients who achieve deep molecular response (DMR) on TKI therapy, TFR is a safe treatment goal, and, if the response is lost, patients can expect to regain their responses immediately upon reinitiation of TKI. It is also clear that there remains much room for improvement to make TFR a successful reality for most patients. Data from ongoing trials should help refine decisions as to which patients are the best candidates to attempt TKI discontinuation with safe monitoring in place.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T11:39:18Z","timestamp":1541417958000},"page":"346-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Treatment\u2010free remission with first\u2010 and second\u2010generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8636-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Cortes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Leukemia University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis Hospital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Lipton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11223"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055229"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx219"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.66.2866"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1609324"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.49.9020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.8899"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"228","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of nilotinib vs imatinib in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: 6\u2010year follow\u2010up of ENESTd","volume":"100","author":"Hughes TP","year":"2015","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2016.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-347575"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.52.9123"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(15)00048-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","volume-title":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. 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