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In this strategy, a patient's own T cells are genetically engineered to express a synthetic receptor that binds a tumor antigen. CAR T cells are then expanded for clinical use and infused back into the patient's body to attack and destroy chemotherapy\u2010resistant cancer. Dramatic clinical responses and high rates of complete remission have been observed in the setting of CAR T\u2010cell therapy of B\u2010cell malignancies. This resulted in two recent FDA approvals of CAR T cells directed against the CD19 protein for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B\u2010cell lymphoma. Thus, CAR T cells are arguably one of the first successful examples of synthetic biology and personalized cellular cancer therapy to become commercially available. In this review, we introduce the concept of using CAR T cells to break immunological tolerance to tumors, highlight several challenges in the field, discuss the utility of biomarkers in the context of predicting clinical responses, and offer prospects for developing next\u2010generation CAR T cell\u2010based approaches that will improve outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T04:52:09Z","timestamp":1548391929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":548,"title":["An introduction to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T\u2010cell immunotherapy for human cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Steven","family":"Feins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and 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