{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:37:42Z","timestamp":1789663062165,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo\u2010SCT) is the most successful and widely used immunotherapy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as a result of its anti\u2010leukemic properties driven by T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, leading to a graft\u2010vs\u2010leukemia (GVL) effect. Despite its essential role in AML treatment, relapse after allo\u2010SCT is common and associated with a poor prognosis. There is longstanding interest in developing immunologic strategies to augment the GVL effect post\u2010transplant to prevent relapse and improve outcomes. In addition to prophylactic maintenance strategies, the GVL effect can also be used in relapsed patients to reinduce remission. While immune checkpoint inhibitors and other novel immune\u2010targeted agents have been successfully used in the post\u2010transplant setting to augment the GVL effect and induce remission in small clinical trials of relapsed patients, exacerbations of graft\u2010vs\u2010host disease (GVHD) have limited their broader use. Here we review advances in three areas of immunotherapy that have been studied in post\u2010transplant AML: donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), immune checkpoint inhibitors, and other monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including antibody\u2010drug conjugates (ADCs) and ligand receptor antagonists. We also discuss additional therapies with proposed immunologic mechanisms, such as hypomethylating agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and the FLT3 inhibitor sorafenib.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T11:02:40Z","timestamp":1580900560000},"page":"529-547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Harnessing the immune system after allogeneic stem cell transplant in acute myeloid leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Cole","family":"Sterling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3647-6345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4993.626"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V25.2.179.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31311"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.36.9868"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-418202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2015.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0811036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1808777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0400-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.03.030"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.116.5.1212","article-title":"Infusion of donor lymphocytes into stable canine radiation chimeras: implications for mechanism of transplantation tolerance","volume":"116","author":"Weiden PL","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V76.12.2462.2462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.5.2041.bloodjournal8652041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.11.6053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2011.11.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2016.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm4030488"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.2.383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-108-6-806"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2012.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.141176"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2015.234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.1162.1162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-02-0506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2013.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V100.2.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.4.1261.bloodjournal8641261"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2016.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.44.7961"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.2091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03847"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.1.333.413a31_333_339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2016.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2974"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2015.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-02-567453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1509819"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMx160029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-117671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-115108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08871-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-017-0505-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2014.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncponc0899"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.220.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-01-0255"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13248"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","first-page":"4517","article-title":"Post\u2010transplant maintenance therapy with azacitidine and gemtuzumab ozogamicin for high\u2010risk hematologic malignancies","volume":"130","author":"Kaito S","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401903"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2014.956316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006221"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2016.12.624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cbr.2018.2628"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxy040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-01-133785"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","first-page":"1911","article-title":"Internal tandem duplication of the flt3 gene found in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"10","author":"Nakao M","year":"1996","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.6.1752"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-16-0876"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4484"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V126.23.3164.3164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1902688"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","first-page":"2690","article-title":"5\u2010aza\u20102\u2032\u2010deoxycytidine\u2010induced expression of functional cancer testis antigens in human renal cell carcinoma: Immunotherapeutic implications","volume":"8","author":"Coral S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2014.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002371-199901000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0070-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-12-257253"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-03-210393"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm915"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.9.2886"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-111582"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00889"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90900-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4360"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-0890"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/epi.15.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1988.tb02488.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2014.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159477"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-017-0553-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0009-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2017.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0432-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-05-575704"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajh.25750","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajh.25750","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajh.25750","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajh.25750","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T05:35:26Z","timestamp":1693978526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajh.25750"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajh.25750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.25750","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0361-8609","1096-8652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0361-8609","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-8652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-08-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}