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We searched three databases (Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane) for multiple myeloma randomized controlled trials from January 1, 2005 to December 30, 2019. The primary outcome of our study was the proportion of randomized controlled trials that used overall survival as their primary endpoint. Secondary outcomes included the use of surrogate endpoints, and trends over time, and whether they differed based on study sponsorship. We included 151 randomized controlled trials in our analysis. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) in 17 (11.3%) of studies, progression free survival (PFS) or event\u2010defined endpoints in 91 studies (60.3%) and response\u2010based endpoints in 44 studies (29.1%). Quality of life was a primary endpoint in only three studies (2%). The use of OS as a primary endpoint decreased from 28.5% of trials from 2005 to 2009 to 5.5% from 2015 to 2019. There has been a decrease in the clinically meaningful endpoint of OS over the past 15\u2009years in multiple myeloma randomized controlled trials. Use of quality of life as a primary endpoint remains exceedingly low. It remains paramount to recognize that the use of surrogate endpoints is imperfect, and care based upon them requires constant physician and patient re\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T16:31:20Z","timestamp":1616085080000},"page":"690-697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Use of endpoints in multiple myeloma randomized controlled trials over the last 15\u2009years: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6464-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghulam Rehman","family":"Mohyuddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics Kansas University Medical Center  Westwood Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Koehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics Kansas University Medical Center  Westwood Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Al\u2010Ola","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics Kansas University Medical Center  Westwood Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"W. Sborov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5862-1833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. 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