{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T22:37:15Z","timestamp":1791412635720,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["857078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["857078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RR190079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RR190079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RR190104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RR190104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 HL159271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 HL159271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>It remains unclear if immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is associated with higher rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared with cytotoxic chemotherapy (chemo) in patients with comparable cancer type, staging, and comorbidities. Using the national Veterans Affairs healthcare system database from 2016 to 2021, we performed a propensity score (PS)\u2010weighted retrospective cohort study to compare the incidence of VTE in patients with selected stage III\/IV cancer receiving first\u2010line ICI versus chemo. The PS model utilized overlap weights to balance age, sex, race, treatment year, VTE history, paralysis\/immobilization, prolonged hospitalization, cancer type, staging, time between diagnosis and treatment, and National Cancer Institute comorbidity index. Weighted Cox regressions with robust standard error were used to assess the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We found that among comparable advanced cancers, first\u2010line ICI (n\u2009=\u20091823) and first\u2010line chemo (n\u2009=\u20096345) had similar rates of VTE (8.49% for ICI and 8.36% for chemo at 6\u2009months). The weighted HR was 1.06 (95% CI 0.88\u20131.26) for ICI versus chemo. In a subgroup analysis restricted to lung cancers, first\u2010line ICI\/chemo (n\u2009=\u2009828), ICI monotherapy (n\u2009=\u2009428), and chemo monotherapy (n\u2009=\u20094371) had similar rates of VTE (9.60% for ICI\/chemo, 10.04% for ICI, and 8.91% for chemo at 6\u2009months). The weighted HR was 1.05 (95% CI 0.77\u20131.42) for ICI versus chemo, and 1.08 (95% CI 0.83\u20131.42) for ICI\/chemo versus chemo. In conclusion, ICI as a systemic therapy has a similarly elevated risk as cytotoxic chemo for VTE occurrence in cancer patients. This finding can inform future prospective studies exploring thromboprophylaxis strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T03:31:21Z","timestamp":1683775881000},"page":"1214-1222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Venous thromboembolism risk in cancer patients receiving first\u2010line immune checkpoint inhibitor versus chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8455-2309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hematology\u2010Oncology Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah B.","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical &amp; Translational Research Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"La","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kylee L.","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\u2010Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher I.","family":"Amos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical &amp; Translational Research Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Section of Epidemiology and Population Science Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Flowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma\u2010Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nhan V.","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary T.","family":"Brophy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vipul","family":"Chitalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katya","family":"Ravid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Michael","family":"Gaziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathanael R.","family":"Fillmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.2535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.578091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.25459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.707214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100042\u20101749185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13184606"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26623"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107818"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01461"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01542"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute (NCI).NCI Comorbidity Index 2021 Version. 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