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Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>, which causes malaria, is geographically associated with BL, but the evidence remains insufficient for causal inference. Inference could be strengthened by demonstrating that mendelian genes known to protect against malaria\u2014such as the sickle cell trait variant, HBB<\/jats:italic>\u2010rs334(T)\u2014also protect against BL. We investigated this hypothesis among 800 BL cases and 3845 controls in four East African countries using genome\u2010scan data to detect polymorphisms in 22 genes known to affect malaria risk. We fit generalized linear mixed models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), controlling for age, sex, country, and ancestry. The ORs of the loci with BL and P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> infection among controls were correlated (Spearman's \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.37, p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.039). HBB<\/jats:italic>\u2010rs334(T) was associated with lower P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> infection risk among controls (OR\u2009=\u20090.752, 95% CI 0.628\u20130.9; p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.00189) and BL risk (OR\u2009=\u20090.687, 95% CI 0.533\u20130.885; p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0037). ABO<\/jats:italic>\u2010rs8176703(T) was associated with decreased risk of BL (OR\u2009=\u20090.591, 95% CI 0.379\u20130.992; p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.00271), but not of P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> infection. Our results increase support for the etiological correlation between P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> and BL risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T23:50:49Z","timestamp":1701129049000},"page":"113-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sickle cell allele HBB<\/i><\/scp>\u2010rs334(T) is associated with decreased risk of childhood Burkitt lymphoma in East Africa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4280-6243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyokyoung G.","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health US Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateus 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