{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T12:45:00Z","timestamp":1769604300726,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,11]],"date-time":"2006-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7223,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A two\u2010stage radioactive antiglobulin test\u2010using unlabelled antisera specific for IgG, IgA, IgM and C3 followed by binding of <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I\u2010staphyloccocal protein A\u2013was applied to determine platelet\u2010associated immunoglobulins (PAIg) and complement (PAC3) in thrombocytopenias of various etiologies. One hundred and one patients with immune thrombocytopenia (chronic autoimmune, 48; acute autoimmune, 37; Evans syndrome, nine; connective tissue diseases, seven) and 20 patients with presumed nonimmune thrombocytopenia (bone marrow aplasia or malignancy, six; septicemia, five; hypersplenism, five; cirrhosis of liver, three; others, one) were studied.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Increased levels of PAIg\/C3 were found in 76% of patients with immune thrombocytopenia. PAIgG was raised in 66%, PAIgM in 57%, PAIgA in 44%, and PAC3 in 29%. Isolated elevation of PAIgG and of PAIgM was found in four and three cases, respectively; PAIgA and PAC3 were elevated in one case each. PAIgG was associated with PAIgM in 56%, with PAIgA in 34%, and with PAC3 in 27%. Both patients with Evans' syndrome and patients with connective tissue diseases had significantly higher PAIgM levels than the other patients with immune thrombocytopenia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In patients with nonimmune thrombocytopenia, increased rates of PAIg\/C3 were also encountered. Positive test results were found in 88% (PAIgG 88%, PAIgM 47%, PAIgA 35%, and PAC3 24%).<\/jats:p><jats:p>In immune\u2010mediated thrombocytopenia, we observed a significant inverse correlation between platelet counts and PAIgG, PAIgA, and PAC3, but not with PAIgM. In contrast, no such correlation was found in patients with nonimmune thrombocytopenia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Our data indicate that the evaluation of neither parameter alone nor the combination of PAIg\/C3 will discriminate between immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenia. Preferential coating with certain immunoglobulins, however, may be present in some subgroups of immune thrombocytopenias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830230203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T10:44:15Z","timestamp":1172054655000},"page":"89-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Platelet\u2010associated immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, IgA and complement C3 in immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenic disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Panzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Szamait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolf\u2010Hasso","family":"B\u00f6deker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oskar 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