{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T16:17:59Z","timestamp":1780676279252,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,11]],"date-time":"2006-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6492,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined the zinc status of 80 children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and 44 disease\u2010free sibling controls aged 3 to 18 years. For both patients and controls, variations in serum zinc by age, type of hemoglobinopathy, and growth status were measured. The mean serum zinc concentration of patients was significantly lower than for controls (77.8 \u00b1 9.9 vs. 82.2 \u00b1 9.8 \u03bcg\/dl, mean \u00b1 1SD, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and retinol\u2010binding protein (RBP), two zinc\u2010dependent proteins, were also lower among patients (AP: 171 \u00b1 66 vs. 243 \u00b1 97 IU\/L, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001; RBP: 1.92 \u00b1 .9 vs. 2.77 \u00b1 .9 mg\/dl, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;.001). Patients \u2265 12 years of age (n = 34) had significantly lower zinc levels than those &lt; 12 years (74.5 \u00b1 8.4 vs. 80.3 \u00b1 10.3 \u03bcg\/dl, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01), and children with homozygous SCD (Hb SS, n = 55) had a more pronounced deficiency than those with a variant hemoglobinopathy (76.3 \u00b1 8.9 vs. 81.5 \u00b1 11.5, \u03bcg\/dl, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). Patients classified as having \u201cpoor\u201d growth (height\u2010for\u2010age &lt; 5th percentile, n = 24) had a lower serum zinc level than those with \u201cnormal\u201d growth (72.8 \u00b1 8.0 vs. 79.8 \u00b1 10.0 \u03bcg\/dl, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01). Dietary intake data, body mass index, and serum total protein and albumin levels were similar for patients and controls, suggesting that zinc deficiency in SCD does not relate to inadequate dietary intake. The origin of low serum zinc levels in children with SCD is more likely to relate to factors such as increased urinary zinc excretion, chronic intravascular hemolysis, and\/or zinc malabsorption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830290203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T11:15:19Z","timestamp":1172056519000},"page":"67-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Zinc status of children with sickle cell disease: Relationship to poor growth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Carol K.","family":"Phebus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Maciak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret F.","family":"Gloninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harbajan S.","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1976.03260480016021","article-title":"Trace elements in sickle cell disease","volume":"235","author":"Prasad AS","year":"1976","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03300240026019","article-title":"Zinc metabolism in sickle cell anemia","volume":"242","author":"Niell HB","year":"1979","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/21.4.582","article-title":"Zinc deficiency in sickle cell disease","volume":"21","author":"Prasad AS","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-3-367"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830100203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-197923000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198104001-00890"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80845-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"508","article-title":"Determination of zinc in biological fluids by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in normal and cirrhotic subjects","volume":"66","author":"Prasad AS","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/12.2.70","article-title":"A continuous spectrophotometric method for measuring alkaline phosphatase activity in human serum","volume":"12","author":"Bowers GN","year":"1966","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.2.97","article-title":"Study of optimum buffer conditions for measuring alkaline phosphatase activity in human serum","volume":"18","author":"Bowers GH","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-2791(65)90004-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/23.4.666","article-title":"A new approach to the evaluation of proteinuric states","volume":"23","author":"Ellis D","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"840","article-title":"The direct biuret method for determination of serum proteins as applied to photoelectric and visual coloimetry","volume":"27","author":"Kingsley GR","year":"1942","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","series-title":"Vital and health statistics. 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