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Three T\u2010cell lines containing integrated HTLV\u2010I proviral copies established from this patient were initially polyclonal, but with time all grew out the same two clones as determined by analysis of their T\u2010cell antigen receptor beta chain gene rearrangements. The patient subsequently developed pulmonary and nasopharyngeal nodules containing HTLV\u2010I infected cells. Restriction analysis of the patient's HTLV\u2010I provirus revealed no differences from prototype HTLV\u2010I and the tax gene was normally expressed in vivo and in vitro. The patient's T\u2010lymphocytosis and HTLV\u2010I+ pulmonary tract nodules were put into a complete clinical remission by treatment with alkylating agents and steroids. Subsequently, the patient developed a severe immunodeficiency state and expired. Retrospective serologic and gene amplification assays for HIV\u20101 demonstrated that he had been doubly infected from the time of presentation. Postmortem analysis by polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of both HTLV\u2010I and HIV\u20101 in lymphatic tissues and the testes; HIV\u20101 was also detected in brain tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830300304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T11:47:57Z","timestamp":1172058477000},"page":"128-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["A polyclonal CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytosis in a patient doubly infected with HTLV\u2010I and HIV\u20101: A clinical and molecular analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Garth D.","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick R.","family":"Davey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey 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