{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:06:17Z","timestamp":1772816777837,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,11]],"date-time":"2006-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5884,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In AIDS, as previously found in pernicious anemia (PA), the earliest serum marker of subnormal vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> (cobalamin) absorption, and therefore of negative B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> balance, is low serum holotranscobalamin II (holo\u2010TC II; B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\u2010TC II) despite normal total serum B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> level, normal serum homocysteine, and normal classic (oral free radio\u2010B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>) Schilling test. This may be accompanied by subtle and insidious damage to hematopoietic, immunologic, neuropsychiatric, nutritional and alimentary systems, confirmed by correction on therapeutic trial with B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> therapy. Our studies suggest such selective B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency occurs in about half of the HIV\u20101 infected, in part due to frequent depression of B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> absorption by HIV\u20101 attack on the gastric mucosa and\/or opportunistic infection attack on the small bowel, and in part due to a telescoping of the continuum of the stages of negative B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> balance in relation to damage to B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> delivery by the infective and\/or systemic disease process. In AIDS, when total serum B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> is normal despite tissue depletion of B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>, if the classic Schilling test does not reveal subnormal food B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> absorption, the food Schilling test does. We hypothesize that DNA\u2010synthesizing cells of the hematopoietic, immunologic, neurologic and other systems which have surface receptors solely for holo\u2010TC II, and which have low B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> stores, rapidly become dysfunctional due to B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency when holo\u2010TC II is low, while cells (such as liver cells) which also have surface receptors for holohaptocorrin (B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\u2010haptocorrin) remain B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\u2010replete. We believe this to be another example of the concept of selective nutrient deficiency in one cell line but not another.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830340210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T11:52:29Z","timestamp":1172058749000},"page":"132-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Low holotranscobalamin II is the earliest serum marker for subnormal vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> (cobalamin) absorption in patients with AIDS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Herbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Gulle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Stopler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"108","article-title":"Total corrinoid, cobalamin (vitamin B12), and cobalamin analogue levels may be normal in serum despite cobalamin depletion in liver in patients with alcoholism","volume":"53","author":"Kanazawa S","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1980.60.3.918","article-title":"Vitamin B12\u2010binding proteins","volume":"60","author":"Jacob E","year":"1980","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1971.tb07066.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"332","article-title":"Depletion of serum holotranscobalamin II: An early sign of negative vitamin B12 balance","volume":"58","author":"Herzlich B","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198812293192612"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"230A","article-title":"Rediscovering selective nutrient deficiency in one cell line but not another: Low serum holotranscobalamin II (Holo\u2010TC II) may identify negative vitamin B12 balance only in cells (ex:hematopoietic) with surface receptors solely for TC II, and not in cells (ex:liver) with receptors also for haptocorrin: In AIDS, there may be stage IV negative B12 balance in hematopoictic and neuropsychiatric cells with liver cells only in stage I\u2013II","volume":"38","author":"Herbert V","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"361A","article-title":"Evidence in serum for food vitamin B12 (cobalamin) malabsorption in AIDS: High gastrin, low cobalamin on transcobalamin II, and circulating antibody to intrinsic factor despite normal serum total cobalamin levels","volume":"38","author":"Herbert V","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. 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