{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:20:40Z","timestamp":1760188840412},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,11]],"date-time":"2006-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4605,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to improve erythropoiesis in patients with anemia due to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We treated 13 patients first with recombinant human granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (rhGM\u2010CSF) for 6 weeks, then with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) and rhGM\u2010CSF for the next 12 weeks. Five patients had refractory anemia (RA), 3 refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RAS), and 5 refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB). Ten patients were transfusion\u2010dependent at the time of inclusion. Eleven patients completed this phase II study. Five responded with an increase in hemoglobin level (3 patients) or a reduction in transfusion requirement (2 patients). We registered no response in the remaining 6 patients during treatment. Patients responding to combined treatment had relatively low concentrations of plasma Epo and plasma ferritin before treatment with rhEpo and a normal karyotype throughout the study. Long\u2010term bone marrow cultures did not predict the response. Still, responders seemed to have a higher number of colony\u2010forming progenitors than non\u2010responders. In conclusion, combined therapy with rhGM\u2010CSF and rhEpo may stimulate hematopoiesis and correct or improve anemia in some patients with MDS. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830440403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T13:51:25Z","timestamp":1172065885000},"page":"229-236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Recombinant human granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor plus recombinant human erythropoietin may improve anemia in selected patients with myelodysplastic syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Per Boye","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans E.","family":"Johnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Hippe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Hellstr\u00f6m\u2010Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Ralfkiaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1982.tb02771.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V56.5.773.773","article-title":"Morphological classification, response to therapy and survival in 263 adult patients with acute non\u2010lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"56","author":"Mertelsmann 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