{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T09:12:16Z","timestamp":1776244336289,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R35HL145000\u201007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R35HL145000\u201007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In children with sickle cell anemia (SCA), central nervous system (CNS) complications such as chronic vasculopathy, silent cerebral infarcts, and overt stroke cause significant morbidity and mortality, and remain difficult to predict. Here, we coupled pediatric magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) neuroimaging data from a completed clinical trial with artificial intelligence (AI)\u2013based techniques to investigate associations between vascular morphology and clinical risk groups. Using an automated computer vision workflow, we generated quantitative metrics describing individual vessels, including small vessels not captured by conventional radiologic scoring. We then applied open\u2010source machine learning algorithms, including: clustering to identify natural groupings within the data, classification to differentiate scans by clinical risk category, and scaled event\u2010based modeling to order vascular features according to relative changes observed across the cohort. Across these approaches, vessel remodeling at branch points and increased vessel tortuosity consistently emerged as among the earliest observed vascular features distinguishing high\u2010risk groups, independent of transcranial Doppler ultrasound velocities. These retrospective findings describe associations between MRA\u2010derived vascular features and clinical groups, but do not establish causality or predict future events. Our results demonstrate that quantitative vascular metrics be extracted from already\u2010obtained imaging data, without requiring additional patient procedures, and may complement existing risk stratification methods. In addition, as current guidelines recommend neuroimaging in school\u2010aged children with SCA, and as MRA technologies continue to advance, our results support larger\u2010scale prospective studies to validate computer vision\u2010based biomarkers. Ultimately, these approaches may inform future studies aimed at improving SCA\u2010related CNS complications and support more refined clinical characterization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.70251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T05:00:31Z","timestamp":1771822831000},"page":"998-1004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Artificial Intelligence\u2010Based Analysis of Central Nervous System Vasculopathy in Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5364-0130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith E.","family":"Fay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raghav","family":"Tandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Center for Machine Learning, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Latham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Center for Machine Learning, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela E.","family":"Rankine\u2010Mullins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caribbean Institute for Health Research The University of the West Indies  Mona Kingston Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marvin","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of West Indies  Kingston Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cassie S.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Center for Machine Learning, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9582-0594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell E.","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilbur A.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"S42","article-title":"Overview of Imaging Modalities in Stroke","volume":"97","author":"Czap A. 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