{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T13:20:52Z","timestamp":1700572852443},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,27]],"date-time":"2003-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1043625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to study the origin of mutation HBB*S in Sucre and Anzo\u00e1tegui states and the genetic affinities of these Venezuelan populations with other human groups, the \u03b2\u2010globin gene cluster haplotypes were determined for 28 sickle cell and\/or S\u2010beta thalassemia patients and for 37 individuals with normal hematological parameters. Bantu, Benin, Senegal, and atypical haplotypes were identified in 50%, 36%, 2%, and 12% of the HBB*S chromosomes, respectively. Similar results have been published for Venezuelan patients from the central states, but a different trend is shown in a publication based on a group of patients from different regions of the country. For HBB*A, haplotype 2 (+ \u2212 \u2212 \u2212 \u2212), characteristic of non\u2010African groups, was the most common (39%), followed by haplotype 3 (\u2212 \u2212 \u2212 \u2212 +) of African origin, and haplotype 6 (\u2212 + + \u2212 +), also typical of non\u2010Africans. The results reveal a high level of admixture of the Sucre\u2013Anzo\u00e1tegui population. The importance of specific conditions which have acted differently in the Venezuelan populations, such as founder effect, genetic drift, isolation, and endogamy are discussed. Genetic distances between the Sucre\u2013Anzo\u00e1tegui sample and several other human populations calculated on the basis of the HBB*S and HBB*A haplotypes revealed similar results, the closest genetic relationships being observed in relation to Bantu\u2010speaking groups. These results confirm the utility of the \u03b2\u2010globin haplotypes for population studies and contribute to knowledge of the Venezuelan gene pool. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:29\u201337, 2003. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.10120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,28]],"date-time":"2003-01-28T15:38:12Z","timestamp":1043768292000},"page":"29-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Beta\u2010globin gene cluster haplotypes as evidence of African gene flow to the northeastern coast of Venezuela"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Merlyn","family":"V\u00edvenes De Lugo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Larralde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinorah","family":"Castro de Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Vida de los Esclavos Negros en Venezuela","author":"Acosta Saignes M","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"La trata negra (1810\u20131854)","author":"Aizpurua J","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.3.853"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"82","volume-title":"Genetical, functional and physical studies of hemoglobins","author":"Arends T","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Caracter\u00edsticas hematol\u00f3gicas de la poblaci\u00f3n del Estado Falc\u00f3n (Venezuela).II. 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