{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:24:16Z","timestamp":1753921456070},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,8]],"date-time":"2001-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":997228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infant mortality rate (IMR), overall frequency of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), sexual dimorphism in LEH, age of onset of LEH, and age at menarche were used as indicators to test the hypothesis that the origin and development of the tourist industry and increased state participation on Maya subsistence agriculturists in the early 1970s had improved the well\u2010being of the Maya. Two historical moments where inferred from the data. The first was derived from cheap and effective immunization and sanitation campaigns that reduced IMR from 143.4\/1,000 live births in the early 1960s to 97.4 in the early 1970s. State participation broke the undernutrition\u2013disease cycle enough to reduce LEH frequencies significantly (from 71.9% in individuals born before 1971 to 51.5% in those born in 1971 or after, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 55.72; 1 df; \u03b1 = 0.00001) and to eliminate the sex difference in LEH expression (from a 14.8% LEH difference between men and women before 1971 [Male\/Female Odds Radio = 0.45, \u03b1 significant at 0.05] to a nonsignificant 2% difference). Improvement in overall living conditions reflected in a \u201cmodern stage\u201d infant mortality regime and an almost disappearance of LEHs, resulted from gradual improvements in living conditions that did not become apparent until the 1980s. Trends in the age at menarche are not statistically significant, probably due to methodological limitations. However, if overall living conditions continue to improve or stay as they are today, accelerations in maturation should become noticeable. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:590\u2013602, 2001. \u00a9 2001 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.1097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,14]],"date-time":"2004-11-14T12:35:42Z","timestamp":1100435742000},"page":"590-602","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Well\u2010being changes in response to 30 years of regional integration in Maya populations from Yucatan, Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Francisco D.","family":"Gurri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilberto Balam","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilio F.","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Categorical data analysis","author":"Agresti A","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984744"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"1119S","article-title":"Malnutrition and human function: a comparison of conclusions from the INCAP and nutrition CRSP studies","volume":"125","author":"Allen LH","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS10353J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112673"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"La superevivencia en la infancia: las dimensiones del problema en Am\u00e9rica Latina","volume":"30","author":"Behm RH","year":"1988","journal-title":"Salud Publica Mex"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014467600001151"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"From menarche to menopause: reproductive lives of peasant women in two cultures","author":"Beyene Y","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330950402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3540648"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Patterns of human growth","author":"Bogin B","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"250","article-title":"Age at menarche in South African Bantu girls living in the Transkei reserve","volume":"33","author":"Burrell RJW","year":"1961","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Sampling techniques","author":"Cochran WG","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"DaltabuitM.1992.Mujeres Mayas: trabajo nutrici\u00f3n y fecundidad. 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