{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T16:07:45Z","timestamp":1764173265046},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,27]],"date-time":"2005-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5990,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Morning and evening testosterone levels were measured in the saliva of Efe pygmies (N = 11) and Lese villagers (N = 18) living in the Ituri Forest of northeast Za\u00efre and compared with levels in Boston controls (N = 10). With one exception, levels in the individual Za\u00efrois subjects fall within the normal ranges reported for Western clinical populations. Daily variation in the Za\u00efrois subjects (a.m.\/p.m. ratio = 1.32 for Efe, 1.22 for Lese) is also comparable to both the Boston controls (1.61) and values reported by other researchers for Western subjects. Average morning levels for the Zairois subjects (420 pmol\/liter for Efe, 341 pmol\/liter for Lese), however, fall significantly below the average for the Boston subjects (589 pmol\/liter; Efe, P<\/jats:italic> <0.05; Lese, P<\/jats:italic> <0.01). A correlation between morning testosterone level and height is observed for the Lese sample (r=0.76, P<\/jats:italic> <0.005). Similar correlations have not been reported for Western subjects. Possible roles of acute and chronic environmental conditions in generating these observations are noted. This study demonstrates the potential utility of salivary steroid assays for investigating questions related to male gonadal function under field conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.1310010106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T22:03:25Z","timestamp":1118527405000},"page":"21-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Salivary testosterone levels in males from the Ituri Forest of Za\u00efre"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"P. T.","family":"Ellison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. F.","family":"Lipson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Meredith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod27.3.652"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-59-5-955"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EllisonPT(1988) Human salivary steroids: Methodological considerations and applications in physical anthropology.Yrbk. Phys. Anthropol.(in press).","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330310507"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"473","article-title":"Salivary progesterone and luteal function in two low fertility populations of northeast Zaire","volume":"58","author":"Ellison PT","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hum. 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