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This study presents a statistical analysis of the relationships of physical features (stature and five main craniofacial measurements) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) haplogroup classifications in a sample of 282 adult individuals belonging to seven populations of different ethno\u2010linguistic groups living in the Chad Basin. Drawing on the analysis of variance, we identified a female\u2010specific DNA association between mtDNA haplogroup assignment and facial height. More specifically, the mtDNA haplogroups of East\u2010African origin occur more frequently in females with relatively longer faces and, conversely, the mtDNA of West\u2010African origin are found more frequently in females with lower faces. Interestingly, this kind of association is not found in the males of the same populations. Our interpretation refers mainly to population history; we suggest that facial height and mtDNA haplogroup co\u2010variance in Chad Basin females reflects a long\u2010term east\u2013west population distribution in the past that made the facial differentiation possible. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,28]],"date-time":"2008-04-28T19:49:01Z","timestamp":1209412141000},"page":"465-474","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mitochondrial DNA and craniofacial covariability of Chad Basin females indicate past population events"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"H\u00e1jek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"\u010cern\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Br\u016f\u017eek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hub.2002.0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-1809.2001.6560549.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-31789-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Datations et chronologie dans le bassin du lac Tchad","author":"Barreteau D","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-005-1290-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"126","volume-title":"The archaeology of Africa: food, metals and towns","author":"Blench R","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"L'Homme et l'animal dans le bassin du lac Tchad","author":"Blench R","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/423823"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"BreunigPA.1995.The Dufuna dugout: Africa's oldest boat. 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