{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:18:11Z","timestamp":1761895091374,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,24]],"date-time":"2010-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1274659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of utilizing three dimensional whole body laser surface scanning (3DS) to obtain specific anthropometric measurements to estimate percent body fat (BF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Percent BF estimates from 37 male volunteers, of age 18\u201362 yr, were determined by inputting manual anthropometric (MA) and 3DS anthropometric measurements into the current Army BF prediction equation for males. The results were compared with each other and to BF values from Dual Energy X\u2010ray Absorptiometry (DXA), employed as a reference method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean percent BF estimates (\u00b1SD) derived from MA, 3DS and from DXA were 18.4(\u00b13.8), 18.8(\u00b13.9), and 18.9(\u00b14.7), respectively. Analysis of Variance tests revealed no statistical difference between the mean values. Correlation analysis comparing MA and 3DS derived percent BF estimates to each other and to those measured by DXA revealed moderate to strong Pearson correlation coefficients (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>), small to moderate standard errors of the estimate (SEE), and were statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Correlation coefficients and SEE results for this sample were: (1) DXA vs 3DS;<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>= 0.74, SEE = 3.2, (2) MA vs DXA;<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>= 0.82, SEE = 2.8, and (3) MA vs 3DS;<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>= 0.96, SEE = 1.0. Lin's concordance analysis, including Bland\u2010Altman limits of agreement (LOA), revealed statistically significant measurement agreement among the three measurement modalities (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). The application of 3DS scanning to estimate percent BF from commonly used anthropometric measurements are in close agreement with BF estimates derived from analogous MA measurements and from DXA scanning. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:695\u2010701, 2010. Published 2010Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.21069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,27]],"date-time":"2010-05-27T00:46:52Z","timestamp":1274921212000},"page":"695-701","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Comparison of body fat estimates using 3D digital laser scans, direct manual anthropometry, and DXA in men"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Todd N.","family":"Garlie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Obusek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Corner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Zambraski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2987937"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh381"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/25\/3\/007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"BathalonGP McGrawSM FriedlKE SharpMA WilliamsonDA YoungAJ.2004. Rational and evidence supporting changes to the Army weight control plan. Natick MA: USARIEM Technical Report T04\u2010.08:1\u201336."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029900800204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1963.tb17079.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2345\/0899-8205(2005)39[397:EOBCMF]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"70","volume-title":"Use of human subjects in research","author":"Department of the Army, Headquarters","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"600","volume-title":"The Army weight control program","author":"Department of the Army, Headquarters","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Standards of medical fitness","author":"Department of the Army, Headquarters","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DourosI. DekkerL BuxtonBF.1999. Reconstruction of the surface of the human body from 3D scanner data using B\u2010splines. In: Proceedings of SPIE\u2010 The International Society for Optical Engineering. Bellingham Washington ISBN 0\u20108194\u20103111\u20107 3640. p234\u2013245.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.341065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.2.649"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.5.1589S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2004.6.732"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FriessM Corner B.2004. From XS to XL: Statistical modeling of human body shape using 3D surface scans. Digital Human Modeling Conference. Auburn Hills Michigan June. ISBN 978\u20100\u20107680\u20101492\u20101.","DOI":"10.4271\/2004-01-2183"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5040\/9781492596950.ch-002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.1310040210"},{"volume-title":"1988 Anthropometric survey of US Army personnel: Methods and summary statistics. Technical Report NATICK\/TR\u201089\/044","year":"1989","author":"Gordon CC","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Body composition: evaluation methods","volume":"9","author":"Henche SA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.5040\/9781492596950.0009","volume-title":"Human body composition","author":"Heymsfield SB","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"268","volume-title":"Applied body composition assessment","author":"Heyward VH","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HodgdonJA BeckettMB.1984. Prediction of percent body fat for U.S. Navy men from body circumferences and height. San Diego CA: Naval Health Research Center Report no. 84\u201011.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA143890"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000007283"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/h04-008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2532051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00324.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(02)00433-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Human Body Composition","author":"Lohman TG","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.5040\/9781492596950.ch-005","volume-title":"Human Body Composition","author":"Lohman TG","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06420.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"356","volume-title":"Body composition and physical performance: applications for the military services","author":"Marriott BM","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/13\/R13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/51.6.1106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/168.3.252","article-title":"Overweight, obesity, and associated disease burden in the veterans affairs ambulatory care population","volume":"168","author":"Nowicki EM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PaquetteS BrantleyJD CornerBD LiP OliverT.2000. Automated extraction of anthropometric data from 3D images. Proceedings of the IEA 2000\/HFES 2000 Congress. 6\u2010727\u20106\u2010730.","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120004403811"},{"volume-title":"NatickMeasure: A 3D visualization and anthropometric measurement tool. User Guide, version 1. Technical Report NATICK\/TR\u201005\/021L","year":"2005","author":"Paquette S","key":"e_1_2_7_39_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/38.536269"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Evaluation of dual energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry as a method of measurement of body fat","volume":"47","author":"Pritchard JE","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"393","article-title":"Costs of excess body weight among active duty personnel, US Air Force, 1997","volume":"168","author":"Robbins AS","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","first-page":"345","volume-title":"Body composition in biological anthropology: Cambridge Studies in Biological Anthropology","author":"Shephard RJ","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","unstructured":"SimmonsKP.2001. Body measurement techniques: A comparison of three\u2010dimensional body scanning and physical anthropometric methods. Unpublished manuscript for the partial fulfillment of PhD in Textile Technology and Management. North Carolina State University."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Female figure identification technique (FFIT) for apparel part I: Describing female shapes","volume":"4","author":"Simmons S","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Text Apparel Technol Manage"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Female figure identification technique (FFIT) for apparel part II: Development of shape sorting software","volume":"4","author":"Simmons S","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Text Apparel Technol Manage"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Techniques for measuring body composition","author":"Siri WE","year":"1961"},{"volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 9.0","year":"2005","author":"StataCorp","key":"e_1_2_7_48_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210100484"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2007.225"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","first-page":"51S","article-title":"Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adult \u2010 The evidence report","volume":"6","author":"U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH)","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00436.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","unstructured":"VogelJA KirkpatrickJW FitzgeraldJA HodgdonJA HarmanEV.1988. Derivation of anthropometry based body fat equations for the Army's weight control program. Natick Ma:USARIEM Technical Report T17\u201088."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.4.809"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06460.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.2.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"A simple technique for measurement of percent body fat in man. U.S","volume":"72","author":"Wright HW","year":"1980","journal-title":"Navy Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09556220510581236"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(03)00007-3"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Human Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajhb.21069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajhb.21069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T06:47:06Z","timestamp":1740120426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajhb.21069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,19]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajhb.21069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.21069","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-0533","1520-6300"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1042-0533"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1520-6300"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,19]]}}}