{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:16:14Z","timestamp":1791688574312,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]],"date-time":"2011-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined breast density by dual energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA) in relation to pubertal maturation and body fatness among girls of several ethnic groups, which may suggest important risk factors for future breast cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recruiting 113 girls from Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, we determined ethnicity, age at menarche, weight, height; body mass index (BMI), BMI <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores, Tanner breast, and pubic hair pubertal stages (and classified stages for synchrony, thelarche or adrenarche). DXA scans of the whole body provided percent total and segmental body fat; and separate (specially calibrated) breast scans provided breast tissue, total area, and volume (from manual delineation); absolute and percent fibroglandular volume (%FGV, or breast density) were computed. Statistical analysis included correlation, chi\u2010square tests, ANOVA, and stepwise regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010six percent of girls were overweight or obese. Higher BMI was associated with greater breast area, breast volume, FGV, and with lower breast density (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). Breast area, breast volume, and FGV were positively associated with Tanner breast stage (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Breast density increased until Tanner breast Stage 4 but was lower in Stage 5 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). Pubertal thelarche was associated with lower breast density, compared to synchrony or adrenarche (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). Girls with higher BMI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02), and Asian girls (compared to White, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04) were more likely to have pubertal thelarche. Determinants of breast density were, in (stepwise regression) order, percent body fat, achieved menarche, BMI <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score, Tanner breast stage (non\u2010linear), and \u201cOther\u201d ethnicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female adolescent breast density was negatively associated with body fatness and positively associated with menarche. Am.J. Hum. Biol. 2011. \u00a9 2011 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.21145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]],"date-time":"2011-03-28T15:23:47Z","timestamp":1301325827000},"page":"359-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Puberty, body fat, and breast density in girls of several ethnic groups"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Novotny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihe","family":"Daida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gertraud","family":"Maskarinec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040576"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0932-8610(19)80167-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2007.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062790"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70078-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"CDC\/National Center for Health Statistics.2010. Prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents: United States Trends 1963\u20131965 Through 2007\u20132008. Available at:http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/hestat\/obesity_child_07_08\/obesity_child_07_08.pdf. Accessed 8\/3\/2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).2006. CDC growth charts. CDC\/National Center for Health Statistics. National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Rd Hyattsville MD 20782."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj332"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Human growth from conception to maturity","author":"Himes JH","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.270"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djg022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-119-7_Part_2-199310011-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-9007(95)00017-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","article-title":"Comparison of breast density measured by dual energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA) with mammographic density among multiethnic adult women in Hawaii","author":"Maskarinec G","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-006-9387-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0798"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-10-3-232"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"1289","article-title":"Formula feeding in infancy is associated with adolescent body fat and earlier menarche","volume":"49","author":"Novotny R","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.3.642"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665108006976"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13813450801954303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a024241"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460500400206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2193691"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2232010482"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","unstructured":"State of Hawaii Dept of Business DBET.2009. Hawaii Facts and Figures. Available at:http:\/\/hawaii.gov\/dbedt\/info\/economic\/library\/facts\/Facts_ and_Figures_State_and_Counties.pdfAccessed 8\/3\/10."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"547","volume-title":"Basic & Clinical Endocrinology","author":"Styne D","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"325p","volume-title":"Growth at adolescence","author":"Tanner JM","year":"1962"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-1047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.12.012"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Human Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajhb.21145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajhb.21145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T16:09:58Z","timestamp":1696954198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajhb.21145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajhb.21145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.21145","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-0533","1520-6300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-0533","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]]}}}