{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:45:49Z","timestamp":1790419549012,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> Brachymesophalangia\u2010V (BMP\u2010V), the general term for a short and broad middle phalanx of the 5th digit, presents both alone and in a large number of complex brachydactylies and developmental disorders. Past anthropological and epidemiological studies of growth and development have examined the prevalence of BMP\u2010V because small developmental disorders may signal more complex disruptions of skeletal growth and development. Historically, however, consensus on qualitative phenotype methodology has not been established. In large\u2010scale, non\u2010clinical studies such as the Fels Longitudinal Study and the Jiri Growth Study, quantitative assessment of the hand is not always the most efficient manner of screening for skeletal dysmorphologies. The current study evaluates qualitative phenotyping techniques for BMP\u2010V used in past anthropological studies of growth and development to establish a useful and reliable screening method for large study samples.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A total of 1,360 radiographs from Jiri Growth Study participants aged 3\u201318 years were evaluated. BMP\u2010V was assessed using three methods: (1) subjective evaluation of length and width of the bone; (2) comparison with skeletal age\u2010matched radiographs; and (3) subjective evaluation of the length of the middle 4th and 5th phalanges.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> We found that the method that uses skeletal age\u2010matched reference radiographs is the better tool for assessing BMP\u2010V because it considers the shape, rather than solely the length and width of the bone, which can be difficult to judge accurately without measurement. This study highlights the complexity of phenotypic assessment of BMP\u2010V and by extension other brachydactylies. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,2]],"date-time":"2011-12-02T19:34:32Z","timestamp":1322854472000},"page":"68-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of qualitative methods for phenotyping brachymesophalangia\u2010V from radiographs of children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kimberly D.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramzi W.","family":"Nahhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol R.","family":"Cottom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janardan","family":"Subedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan A.","family":"Czerwinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Blangero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Williams\u2010Blangero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford","family":"Towne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1970.tb63148.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The treasury of human inheritance","author":"Bell J","year":"1951"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(69)80397-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"The encyclopedia of statistics","author":"Drasgow F","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330270208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Cone\u2010shaped epiphyses (C.S.E.)","volume":"8","author":"Giedion A","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann Rad"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"The incidence of dysplasia of the middle phalanx of the fifth finger in normal Japanese, in some American Indian groups, and in caucasians with Down's syndrome","author":"Greulich W","year":"1970","journal-title":"Environ Inf Genet Expr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-195909000-00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1963.tb00208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(86)80231-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02296207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"The hand in radiologic diagnosis","author":"Poznanski A","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/104.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1961.tb08190.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Assessing the maturity of the hand wrist: fels method","author":"Roche AF","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"The Juvenile skeleton","author":"Scheur L","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/b-002-76310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Brachydactyly","volume":"13","author":"Temtamy SA","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","volume-title":"The Ten State Nutrition Survey, 1968\u20131970","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","volume-title":"Atlas of skeletal maturation. 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