{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:36:55Z","timestamp":1788871015900,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]],"date-time":"2013-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholars Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Controversy remains over whether declines in male births reported after population stressors result from either or both reduced conception of males or increased selection\n                      <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                      against male fetuses. We use monthly birth cohorts to determine if Japanese male births following the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 fell below levels expected from female births and from history (i.e., autocorrelation) among cohorts exposed to the Earthquake at or after conception.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We apply interrupted time\u2010series methods to 69 months (i.e., April, 2006 through December, 2011) of birth data from the most and least affected prefectures as well as from the remainder of Japan. We estimate expected male births from female births and from autocorrelation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings varied by distance from the greatest damage but suggest sensitive periods both early and late in gestation when population stressors may induce selection against males in utero. Support for reduced conception of males appeared only in the prefectures most damaged by the Earthquake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results align with the claim that natural selection has conserved mechanisms that reduce the odds of a male live birth during stressful times by reducing the conception of males and by increasing the rate of spontaneous abortion among male fetuses. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:555\u2013559, 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]],"date-time":"2013-06-10T09:39:06Z","timestamp":1370857146000},"page":"555-559","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Natural selection\n                    <i>In Utero<\/i>\n                    : Evidence from the great East Japan earthquake"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Catalano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of California Berkeley California 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Yorifuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Ecology Okayama University Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science Okayama 700\u20138558 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Kawachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Society Human Development &amp; Health, Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20935"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Survival probability of human conceptions from fertilization to term","volume":"35","author":"Boklage CE","year":"1990","journal-title":"In J Fert"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","author":"Box G","year":"1994","journal-title":"Time series analysis: forecasting and control"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","volume-title":"Evolution of sex\u2010determining mechanisms","author":"Bull J","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320260315"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/148.2.719","article-title":"An experimental demonstration of fisher's principle: evolution of sexual proportion by natural selection","volume":"148","author":"Carvalho A","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der480"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22265"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1988.10488367"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691206981"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/162017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(97)01179-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.8.2321"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199101000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del226"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2008.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","author":"Japan Meteorological Agency","year":"2011","journal-title":"The 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake Distribution of JMA Seismic Intensity"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","volume-title":"Spontaneous abortion","author":"Kline J","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2006.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2001.1786"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare of Japan.Vital Statistics. cited2012December 14. 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