{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T13:06:53Z","timestamp":1759496813938,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010level lead exposure has been associated with increases in blood pressure (BP) and impairment of the cardiovascular system. Prehypertension is not categorized as a disease currently; however, individuals with untreated prehypertension are known to be at increased risk of progression to hypertension and mortality caused by cardiovascular disease. We investigated the association between blood lead levels below the threshold for the harmful effects of lead and the prevalence of prehypertension in Korean adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 8,493 participants (3,945 men and 4,548 women) were included in the current analysis, using data from the fourth, fifth, and sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2007\u20132013. Blood analysis, self\u2010report questionnaires, and physical examinations were used to assess blood lead levels, BP, and medical history. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for prehypertension were calculated using multiple logistic regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to the first quartile (Q1) blood lead level (0.206\u20131.539 \u03bcg\/dl), the ORs (95% CI) were 1.24 (1.04\u20131.48) in Q2, (1.540\u20132.056 \u03bcg\/dl), 1.27 (1.06\u20131.52) in Q3, (2.057\u20132.716 \u03bcg\/dl), and 1.30 (1.07\u20131.60) in Q4 (2.717\u201324.532 \u03bcg\/dl) for the prevalence of prehypertension after adjusting for age, sex, morbidity status, socioeconomic status, and health behavioral variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our large, cross\u2010sectional, nationwide study revealed that blood lead levels below the threshold for the harmful effects of lead were significantly associated with prehypertension. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:729\u2013735, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T12:24:23Z","timestamp":1461846263000},"page":"729-735","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The association between low blood lead levels and the prevalence of prehypertension among nonhypertensive adults in Korea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Wanhyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine The Institute for Occupational Health Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010ha","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine The Institute for Occupational Health Seoul South 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