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We used regression models to describe patterns in allergic diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complete information was available for 280 children: 12.5% had been diagnosed with hay fever; 18.9% with eczema; 2.1% with asthma. There was a positive association between hay fever and eczema diagnoses (\u03c0<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>: 4.07; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.044); total IgE was positively associated with eczema (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>: 0.24; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.100) and allergic diseases together (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>: 0.26; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.042). ID were common: the incidence of any ID diagnosis was 28 per 100 children per month. Hay fever was inversely associated with household animals (OR: 0.27; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006), and positively associated with earth housing materials (OR: 1.93; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.079) and hospitalization in infancy with an ID (3.16; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.066); patterns were similar when allergic disease outcomes were considered together. Few associations between these predictors and eczema or asthma alone were apparent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Allergic diseases were common among children in Kilimanjaro. The inverse association between household animals and allergy is consistent with the hygiene\/old friends hypothesis; however, positive associations between allergic diseases and earth housing materials and early hospitalization with ID bear further explanation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T16:04:29Z","timestamp":1484323469000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hay fever, asthma, and eczema and early infectious diseases among children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4913-5075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Wander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Binghamton University (SUNY) Binghamton New York 13902"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195"},{"name":"Center for 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