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This unique perspective is directly relevant to the assessment of child health and well\u2010being at the individual and group level, as well as the construction of growth charts. Environmental, behavioral (nutrition and physical activity), and disease\u2010related factors can prevent attainment of full genetic potential for growth. Undernutrition is most often the cause of growth faltering and poor skeletal development. Disease related factors, such as malabsorption, inflammation, and immobility also have profound effects. These effects will be illustrated with examples from diseases such as cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and Down syndrome. The need for separate growth charts for children with genetic disorders is often controversial because of potential medical and\/or nutritional complications associated with some disorders. Children with Alagille syndrome and Down syndrome will be used to illustrate the advantages and limitations of syndrome\u2010specific charts. This overview of health and disease effects on growth and skeletal development provides insights into the plasticity of human growth and its sensitivity to overall health and well\u2010being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T11:06:49Z","timestamp":1487848009000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Influence of complex childhood diseases on variation in growth and skeletal development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Babette S.","family":"Zemel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.314"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","volume-title":"Pediatric nutrition: policy of the American academy of pediatrics","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics. 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