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Recent studies also suggest air pollution may result in higher bone turnover markers among children, which may affect growth. However, few studies have investigated the effect of air pollution on height or growth rate. We therefore assessed the associations of several air pollutants with height at different ages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We simultaneously assessed associations of particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less (PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>), sulfur dioxide (SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>)<jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>, in infancy, and in childhood with height at different ages (\u223c9, \u223c11, \u223c13, and \u223c15 years), in a population\u2010representative birth cohort \u201cChildren of 1997\u201d (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098327) from the developed non\u2010Western setting of Hong Kong with relatively high air pollution and short children, using partial least square regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After considering multiple comparison, higher SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>in childhood was associated with shorter height at \u223c13 years (\u20130.20 cm, 99% CI \u22120.32 to \u22120.06). This difference was not evident at \u223c15 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These observations suggest that air pollution may affect the trajectory of growth and development rather than final height, with corresponding implications for health in later life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,30]],"date-time":"2017-09-30T12:12:42Z","timestamp":1506773562000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The association of air pollution with height: Evidence from Hong Kong's \u201cChildren of 1997\u201d birth cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Jian V.","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel M.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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