{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:28:32Z","timestamp":1790036912199,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]],"date-time":"2018-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540512000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]],"date-time":"2017-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCS\u20101261682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCS\u20101261682"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001388","name":"Wenner-Gren Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Previous research revealed declines in survivorship in London before the Black Death (\n                      <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                      . 1346\u20131353), and improvements in survivorship following the epidemic. These trends indicate that there were declines in general levels of health before the Black Death and improvements thereof afterwards. This study expands on previous research by examining whether changes in survivorship were consistent between the sexes, and how patterns of developmental stress markers changed before and after the Black Death.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study uses samples from London cemeteries dated to one of three periods: Early Pre\u2010Black Death (1000\u20131200 AD,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009255), Late Pre\u2010Black Death (1200\u20131250 AD,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009247), or Post\u2010Black Death (1350\u20131540 AD\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009329). Temporal trends in survivorship are assessed via Kaplan\u2010Meier survival analysis, and trends in tibial length (as a proxy for stature) and linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) are assessed using\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests and Chi\u2010square tests, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Survivorship for both sexes decreased before the Black Death and increased afterwards. For males, LEH frequencies increased and stature decreased before the epidemic, and LEH declined and stature increased after the Black Death. For females, the only significant change with respect to developmental stress markers was a decrease in stature after the Black Death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results might reflect variation between the sexes in sensitivity to stressors, the effects of nutrition on pubertal timing, disproportionate access to dietary resources for males in the aftermath of the Black Death, the disproportionate deaths of frail individuals during the epidemic, or some combination of these factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]],"date-time":"2017-10-26T03:52:38Z","timestamp":1508989958000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Stress, sex, and plague: Patterns of developmental stress and survival in pre\u2010 and post\u2010Black Death London"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0754-8485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon N.","family":"DeWitte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina 29208"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10680-004-0883-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvh1dr32.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0289.1996.tb00554.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"Bertherat E. 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