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BCE, 2 sigma) associated with the Sintashta culture. Skeletal stress indicators assessed included cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, dental enamel hypoplasia, and tibia periosteal new bone growth. Dental disease (caries, abscess, calculus, and periodontitis) and trauma were scored. Results were compared to regional data from the nearby Samara Valley, spanning the Early to Late Bronze Age (EBA, LBA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lesions were minimal for the KA\u20105 and MBA\u2010LBA groups except for periodontitis and dental calculus. No unambiguous weapon injuries or injuries associated with violence were observed for the KA\u20105 group; few injuries occurred at other sites. Subadults (&lt;18 years) formed the majority of each sample. At KA\u20105, subadults accounted for 75% of the sample with 10% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) estimated to be 14\u201018 years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skeletal stress markers and injuries were uncommon among the KA\u20105 and regional groups, but a MBA\u2010LBA high subadult mortality indicates elevated frailty levels and inability to survive acute illnesses. Following an optimal weaning program, subadults were at risk for physiological insult and many succumbed. 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