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We used multiple regression to assess the effects of anthropometric variables (body size, fat free mass, age, and sex) on TEE and water throughput. We also compared Shuar TEE and water throughput to those of other small\u2010scale and industrialized societies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>TEE among Shuar adults (men: 4141\u2009\u00b1\u2009645\u2009kcal\/d, women: 2536\u2009\u00b1 281\u2009kcal\/d) was most strongly correlated with fat free mass. Estimated physical activity levels (PAL) calculated as (TEE\/estimated BMR), were greater for men (2.34\u2009\u00b1\u20090.29) than women (1.83\u2009\u00b1\u20090.14, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Water throughput was also greater among Shuar men (9.37\u2009\u00b1\u20092.34\u2009L\/d) than women (4.76\u2009\u00b1 0.36 L\/d, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Shuar TEE and water throughput were elevated compared to adults in industrialized populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TEE and PAL of Shuar men are among the highest recorded during normal daily life, and likely reflect both high levels of physical activity and cultural dietary practices. Drinking large amounts of chicha, a traditional carbohydrate\u2010rich drink made from manioc, likely contributes to the high levels of water throughput among Shuar men, and may contribute to elevated TEE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T04:14:21Z","timestamp":1551154461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["High energy requirements and water throughput of adult Shuar forager\u2010horticulturalists of Amazonian Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Christopher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Evolutionary Biology Harvard University  Cambridge Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felicia C.","family":"Madimenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Queens College (CUNY)  Flushing New York"},{"name":"New York Consortium on Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP)  New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Bribiescas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Yale University  New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel S.","family":"Urlacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Snodgrass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence S.","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2397-6543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herman","family":"Pontzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030780"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/13-383.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2015.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"CODENPE. 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