{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T13:48:10Z","timestamp":1774532890670,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P1LAP3_174615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1LAP3_174615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>With there being an apparent impact of experience of out\u2010of\u2010home care in childhood on chronic disease and mortality, we examined how such adversity might be embodied such that it has a measurable impact on human biology, so mediating this relationship.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used data from the UK National Child Development Study in which exposure to public care was prospectively gathered on three occasions up to age 16. Study members also participated in a social survey at age 42 and a clinical examination at age 44\/45 when cardiovascular, inflammatory, neuroendocrine, and respiratory risk markers for mortality were collected, 19 of which were included as endpoints in the present analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 8012 participants in the biomedical survey, 4% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 322) had been in care at some point in childhood and\/or adolescence. We found the expected marked differences in the early life characteristics of poverty, health, and disability in children with experience of public care relative to their unexposed counterparts. After controlling for these confounding factors, however, care in childhood was essentially unrelated to biomarkers in middle\u2010age. We also found no consistent links between these biomarkers and the duration, timing, or type of care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that the biomarkers captured in the present study are unlikely to mediate the link between public care in childhood and later chronic disease or mortality. Processes involving mental health, socioeconomic position, and health behaviors would seem to be a potential alternative pathway warranting investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T05:54:01Z","timestamp":1573019641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Out\u2010of\u2010home care in childhood and biomedical risk factors in middle\u2010age: National birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0237-882X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"de Mestral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Public Health University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Center for Primary Care Medicine &amp; Public Health University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6774-3149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health &amp; Primary Care University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8726-7992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Hamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery &amp; Interventional Science University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1822-5753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George David","family":"Batty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Public Health University College London  London UK"},{"name":"School of Biological &amp; Population Health Sciences Oregon State University  Corvallis Oregon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.109488"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1831"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.054494"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2008.086892"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2018-210667"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000184"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-012-9396-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023940"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803279"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.6.668"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610362104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.489088"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"deMestral C. Bell S. &Batty G. D.(2018). Public care in childhood risk factors in adulthood and mortality: A pooled date from two birth cohorts (parallel sessions \u2010 A6_1 https:\/\/sphc.ch\/de\/vergangene-konferenzen\/sphc-2018\/sessions\/). Paper presented at the Swiss Public Health Conference Neuchatel Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.08.097"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn201"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"1010","article-title":"Exposure to out\u2010of\u2010home care in childhood and adult all\u2010cause mortality: A cohort study","volume":"46","author":"Gao M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.02.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-42"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","volume-title":"The adoption and Foster Care analysis and reporting system report \u2010 Federal Fiscal Year 2017","author":"U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, A. f. C. a. 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