{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T10:11:48Z","timestamp":1773051108445,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,26]],"date-time":"2019-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent reports on body regional mass scalings to height have advanced understanding differences in adult heights. These studies resulted in conjectures on how regional lengths and circumferences may scale to height. We provide evidence for these conjectures by analyzing a large sample of regional limb, trunk, chest, and head lengths and circumferences in a large sample of US Army basic training recruits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants consisted of 10\u2009271 males and 2760 females ages 17 to 21\u2009years old who reported for basic training at Fort Jackson, SC. Participants were imaged by a three\u2010dimensional (3D) body scanner for uniform sizing which yielded 159 body measurements of total mass, lengths and circumferences at regional sites of arms, legs, trunk, chest, and head. The allometric model, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/ajhb23349-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:10420533:media:ajhb23349:ajhb23349-math-0001\"\/> was applied to derive scaling exponents which were applied to estimate regional mass scalings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Body mass scaled to height with powers of \u223c2.0 (mean <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u00b1\u2009SE, 1.98\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04, 1.93\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06). Arm and leg lengths scaled to exponents larger than 1.0 and head height and circumferences at regional sites scaled to exponents smaller than 1.0. The leg, arm, and trunk mass scaling exponents were all above 2.0. Head mass scaled to powers smaller than 2.0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3D scanner allowed hundreds of anthropometric measurements to be obtained within seconds. The ensuing analysis revealed that greater height yielded disproportional increases in limb lengths, limb mass and trunk mass. These analyses provide evidence that could not be previously measured that further both biomechanical and metabolic conjectures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,26]],"date-time":"2019-10-26T10:20:42Z","timestamp":1572085242000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Allometric models of adult regional body lengths and circumferences to height: Insights from a three\u2010dimensional body image scanner"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Krista","family":"Watts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences United States Military Academy  West Point New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phoenix","family":"Hwaung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism and Body Composition Pennington Biomedical Research Center  Baton Rouge Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Grymes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences United States Military Academy  West Point New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel H.","family":"Cottam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics Department Brigham Young University  Provo Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1127-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven B.","family":"Heymsfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism and Body Composition Pennington Biomedical Research Center  Baton Rouge Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2641-9304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana M.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences United States Military Academy  West Point New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1934"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2017.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b18042-32"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"303","article-title":"A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. 1916","volume":"5","author":"Du Bois D.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20676"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.2.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.3.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10691898.2003.11910711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-018-0145-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00461.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91123.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.1.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23252"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.088831"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-018-0068-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1947.27.4.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-016-3525-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1323099111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2016.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.09.009"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","article-title":"Easy and fast reconstruction of a 3D avatar with an RGB\u2010D sensor","volume":"17","author":"Mao A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2009.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"Military Recruitment 2010. 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