{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T09:48:04Z","timestamp":1756460884574,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015308","name":"Science & Technology Department of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["201491188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201491188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we measured the hematologic and spirometric parameters of native Tajik and Kyrgyz highlanders in the Pamir Mountains to investigate adaptations to high altitude stressors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hematological parameters including arterial oxygen saturation (SaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), red blood cell (RBC) counts, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were measured on Sarikoli Tajik (n = 80; 3100\u2009m), Wakhi Tajik (n = 48; 3500\u2009m), and Kyrgyz (n = 64; 3250\u2009m) in comparison to lowland Uyghurs (n = 50; 1300\u2009m). Spirometric parameters including forced vital capacity (FVC), the first second of forced expiration (FEV1), and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% (FEF25\u201075) were measured. We also reported mountain sickness symptoms in these highlanders and conducted a multivariate regression analysis to analyze the association between these symptoms and the measured parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> of Sarikoli Tajik, Wakhi Tajik, and Kyrgyz (91%\u201093.5%) are significantly lower than lowland Uyghurs, yet are comparable to other native highlanders at a similar altitude. RBC counts and Hb concentrations of all three highland populations are significantly increased compared to Uyghurs. FVC is lower in Sarikoli Tajik, Wakhi Tajik, and Kyrgyz (male: 3.48\u20103.86\u2009L, female: 2.47\u20102.78\u2009L) compared to Uyghurs. Combined with normal FEV1, elevated FEV1\/FVC ratio, and FEF25\u201075, the spirometric patterns of these highlanders indicate restrictive lung disease. A high prevalence of mountain sickness symptoms such as headache and nausea was found in all three highland populations, and are attributed to low FVC and aging by regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tajik and Kyrgyz highlanders showed adaptation in SaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, RBC, and Hb level, but poor performance in spirometry, which causes mountain sickness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T03:47:13Z","timestamp":1594266433000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hematologic and spirometric characteristics of Tajik and Kyrgyz highlanders in the Pamir Mountains"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1722-4153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xierzhatijiang","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Xinjiang Medical University  Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010fang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Shenzhen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu\u2010Hong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Yumei Hospital  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The People's Hospital of Shawan County  Shawan Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu\u2010Feng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Xinjiang Medical University  Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming Yunnan China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio\u2010Resources Yunnan University  Kunming Yunnan China"},{"name":"Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming Yunnan China"},{"name":"KIZ\u2010CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming Yunnan China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-149-38952"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6300-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701985104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199901)108:1<41::AID-AJPA2>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199807)106:3<385::AID-AJPA10>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252649199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330630306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199712)104:4<427::AID-AJPA1>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001116"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.42.2.245","article-title":"Lung elasticity and airway dynamics in Peruvian natives to high altitude","volume":"42","author":"Brody J. 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