{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T15:31:34Z","timestamp":1783179094066,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The goal of the present investigation is to analyze thymus, brain, heart, liver, and kidney weights in SIDS victims compared to controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epidemiologic risk factors for SIDS (eg, male gender, genetic, obstetric, environmental, smoke exposure, nonbreastfeeding, etc.) are consistent with an infectious process underlying many of these deaths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from autopsy reports on 585 SIDS victims and comparison deaths (n\u00a0=\u00a0294 control, n\u00a0=\u00a0291 SIDS) were analyzed. Cases were obtained from Australia (n\u00a0=\u00a0184 controls, n\u00a0=\u00a098 SIDS) and Russia (n\u00a0=\u00a0122 controls, n\u00a0=\u00a0181 SIDS). Log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>transform of thymus and other organ weights was computed because variables were skewed. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of standardized log values were age\u2010adjusted by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The standardized log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>thymus residual adjusted for age, brain and liver weights was computed for the final analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After controlling for age by MANCOVA, thymus, body, brain and liver weights were significantly higher among SIDS compared to non\u2010SIDS victims. The largest difference as between covariate\u2010adjusted log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>non\u2010SIDS thymus weight differed (mean\u00a0=\u00a01.423, 95% CI: 1.393\u20101.452) and log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>non\u2010SIDS thymus weight (mean\u00a0=\u00a01.269, 95% CI: 1.243\u20101.294) were significantly different (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). Heart weight was significantly lower in SIDS victims.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>When adjusted for confounders (age, body, and organ weights), SIDS victims have a significantly heavier thymus and brain compared to non\u2010SIDS controls who died of trauma. This finding supports previously published studies that link infection to SIDS deaths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T07:02:48Z","timestamp":1603782168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Increased thymus weight in sudden infant death syndrome compared to controls: The role of sub\u2010clinical infections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4822-8488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul Nathan","family":"Goldwater","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor A.","family":"Kelmanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children's Diseases St. Petersburg State Institute of Psychology and Social Work, Institute for Medical Education of the V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre St. Petersburg Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6485-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertis B.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management and Systems Science, School of Public Health and Information Sciences University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000110756"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7051.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.82.6.462"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2003.tb02567.x","article-title":"Circadian variations in sudden infant death syndrome: Associations with maternal smoking, sleeping position and infections. 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