{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T05:29:31Z","timestamp":1778909371474,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of the study was to evaluate the agreement between the Fels and Greulich\u2010Pyle methods for the assessment of skeletal age (SA) in female youth soccer players.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample included 441 Portuguese players 10.08\u201316.73\u2009years of age who regularly participated in organized and competitive soccer. Standardized radiographs of the left hand\u2010wrist were obtained and analyzed by an experienced examiner. SA was estimated with the Fels and Greulich\u2010Pyle (GP) methods. Differences between SA and chronological age (CA) were used to define skeletal maturity groups: late, average and early maturing. In addition to descriptive statistics, Cohen's kappa and Lin concordance correlation coefficients were used to evaluate agreement between methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intraindividual differences in SA based on the two methods varied between 0.10 to 1.47\u2009years among age groups with larger mean differences at older ages. Agreement of maturity classifications between methods was 74% at younger ages (under\u201013: kappa\u00a0=\u00a00.48; under\u201014: kappa\u00a0=\u00a00.39; Lin CCC\u00a0=\u00a00.68) and declined with increasing CA (under\u201017: 19% agreement; kappa\u00a0=\u00a00.001; Lin CCC\u00a0=\u00a00.11). About 19% of the total sample was skeletally mature with the Fels method and an SA was not assigned; in contrast, no players were skeletally mature with the GP method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>GP SAs were systematically lower than Fels SAs among female soccer players. Intraindividual variability in SAs between methods was considerable. The findings highlight the impact of method on estimates of maturity status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T05:15:20Z","timestamp":1616390120000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<scp>Assessment of skeletal age in youth female soccer players<\/scp>: Agreement between <scp>Greulich\u2010Pyle<\/scp> and Fels protocols"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0825-4032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo V.","family":"Martinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, FCDEF  Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, CIDAF (uid\/dtp\/04213\/2020)  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4512-7331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel J.","family":"Coelho\u2010e\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, FCDEF  Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, CIDAF (uid\/dtp\/04213\/2020)  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0980-0269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Valente\u2010dos\u2010Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CIDAF (uid\/dtp\/04213\/2020)  Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"Lus\u00f3fona University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Minderico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lus\u00f3fona University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8081-464X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1s G.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portuguese Ministry of Education  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5346-3904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portuguese Ministry of Education  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2225-8569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Polytechnic Institute, School of Health and Technology  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9942-5433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren B.","family":"Sherar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences  Loughborough UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9402-0648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert M.","family":"Malina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education  Austin Texas USA"},{"name":"University of Louisville, School of Public Health and Information Sciences  Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6300(200009\/10)12:5<610::AID-AJHB5>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.1310010206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1263139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1486"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2017.1340656"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000281"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.145076","article-title":"Hand X\u2010ray in pediatric endocrinology: Skeletal age assessment and beyond","volume":"18","author":"Sanctis V.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033431"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02383-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Futebol. 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