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Rackham School of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001388","name":"Wenner-Gren Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7891"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe the composition and variation of women's resource strategies in an arid\u2010living Southern African agro\u2010pastoralist society to gain insights into adaptation to climate\u2010change\u2010induced increased aridity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using cross\u2010sectional data from 210 women collected in 2009 across 28 agro\u2010pastoralist villages in Kaokoveld Namibia, we conducted principal\u2010component (PC) analysis of resource variables and constructed profiles of resource strategies from the major PCs. Next, we explored associations between key resource strategies and demographic measures and fitness proxies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The first two PCs accounted for 43% of women's overall resource variation. PC1 reflects women's ability to access market resources via livestock trading, while PC2 captured women's direct food access. We found that market strategies were more common among married women and less common among women who have experienced child mortality. Women with higher subsistence security were more likely to be from the OvaHimba tribe and had a higher risk of gonorrhea exposure. We also qualitatively explored drought\u2010induced pressure on women's livestock. Finally, we show that sexual networks were attenuated during drought, indicating strain on social support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results highlight how agro\u2010pastoralist women manage critical resources in unpredictable environments, and how resource strategies distribute among the women in our study. Goats as a commodity to obtain critical resources suggests that some women have flexibility during drought when gardens fail and cattle die. However, increased aridity and drought may eventually overwhelm husbandry practices in this region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T11:32:25Z","timestamp":1624879945000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Opportunities and constraints in women's resource security amid climate change: A case study of arid\u2010living Namibian agro\u2010pastoralists"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7680-5460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Hazel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth System Science, Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8436-6514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gillian","family":"Meeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Evolutionary Biology Harvard University  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Program in Integrative Genetics and Genomics University of California, Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1940-7794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nita","family":"Bharti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics The Pennsylvania State University  State College Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Jakurama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaoko Information Center  Opuwo Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justy","family":"Matundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaoko Information Center  Opuwo Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Holland","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth System Science, Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1604401113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/587700"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"People, cattle and land; transformations of a pastoralist society in Southwestern Africa","author":"Bollig M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/649206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aman.12447"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/jar.35.1.3629494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-3095(95)00127-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The igraph software package for complex network research","volume":"1695","author":"Cs\u00e1rdi G.","year":"2006","journal-title":"InterJournal, Complex Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Famine that kills: Darfur, Sudan, 1984\u201385","author":"Waal A.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/8\/085004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data\u2014Or tears: An application to educational enrollments in states of India","volume":"38","author":"Filmer D.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-010-0006-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3167\/np.2008.120106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010241108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"HarrellJr. F. 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