{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T03:05:32Z","timestamp":1792206332264,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1T37MD014248\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1T37MD014248\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are currently 2.2 million people incarcerated in U.S. prisons and jails, representing a 500% increase over the past 40\u2009years. An emerging literature suggests the impact of mass incarceration extends beyond the prison, jail, or detention center to the families of incarcerated individuals. Less scholarship has considered consequences of parental incarceration for their children's physical health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conduct a critical review of the literature investigating an association between parental incarceration and children's physical health outcomes from infancy to adulthood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies varied substantially in study design, sample composition, and methodological approach. Most studies suggest an association between parental incarceration and adverse physical health outcomes. Evidence is more consistent for outcomes such as infant and child mortality, lower healthcare access, and negative health behaviors and more mixed for measures such as self\u2010reported\/general health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We propose a multilevel model of mechanistic pathways to stimulate future research on the potential pathways through which parental incarceration could influence children's physical health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T11:11:51Z","timestamp":1634814711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Parental incarceration and child physical health outcomes from infancy to adulthood: A critical review and multilevel model of potential pathways"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9027-7219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makeda K.","family":"Austin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inez M.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingalls Memorial Hospital University of Chicago Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0148-7565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew Wooyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.49.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness","author":"Alexander M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3729.2003.00195.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18574\/nyu\/9780814708057.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jth146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800414564011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JFN.0000000000000201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-008-9233-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"A secure base: Parent\u2010child attachment and healthy human development","author":"Bowlby J.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354919854448"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.32.7.513"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Maternal incarceration, child protection, and infant mortality: A descriptive study of infant children of women prisoners in Western Australia","volume":"6","author":"Dowell C. 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