{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:58:59Z","timestamp":1782514739590,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004482","name":"Kuwait University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Very few studies have examined the direct link between age of menarche and vitamin D level and controversial results have been reported. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D and age of menarche in a group of adolescent girls in an area with plenty of sunshine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline, data were collected on 722 middle schoolgirls that were randomly selected by probability proportional to size sampling method. Of this group, 598 were followed including 173 who had their menarche during the follow\u2010up. Serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was measured at baseline using liquid chromatography\u2010tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2010MS\/MS). Data on potential confounders were collected at baseline from the parents using self\u2010administered questionnaire and from schoolgirls through face\u2010to\u2010face interview. Multiple linear regression and time\u2010to\u2010event analysis were used to investigate the association between 25OHD concentration and age of menarche.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>) age of the study group was 12.51 (0.91) years while the main (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>) age of menarche was 11.82 (1.04) years. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (&lt;50\u2009nmol\/L) among schoolgirls was 91.69%. We found no evidence for the association between 25OHD levels and age of menarche before (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, .00, 95% confidence interval (CI) [\u22120.01, 0.01]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.808) or after (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, .00, 95% CI [\u22120.01, 0.01]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.765) adjusting for potential confounders. We also found no evidence for association between 25OHD status and age of menarche before (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.424) or after (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.356) adjusting for potential confounders. Time\u2010to\u2010event analysis showed no association between 25OHD level or status and age of menarche (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.850).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Middle Eastern setting, where vitamin D deficiency is common despite plenty of sunshine, vitamin D is not a major determinant of the age at menarche. Regardless of the link between vitamin D and age of menarche, there are several other health benefits of having adequate vitamin D level during childhood and adolescence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T12:36:44Z","timestamp":1645187804000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Is age of menarche directly related <scp>to vitamin<\/scp> D levels?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Al\u2010Taiar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Community &amp; Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences Old Dominion University  Norfolk Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Al\u2010Sabah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University  Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lemia","family":"Shaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences Kuwait University  Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Sharaf Alddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Community &amp; Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences Old Dominion University  Norfolk Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen K.","family":"Durgampudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Community &amp; Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences Old Dominion University  Norfolk Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadiza","family":"Galadima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Community &amp; Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences Old Dominion University  Norfolk Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-29"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh-2016-0164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-021401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520000720"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djv172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31828f3c05"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12507"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104748"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016409"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28505"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3841"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451000214X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043497"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0446"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1813D"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.4.e43"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-3093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2012-0390"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"Mismatch: Why our world no longer fits our bodies","author":"Gluckman P.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1813G"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-1-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp372"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910460508"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","unstructured":"Hua A.(2016).Vitamin D Status And Age Of Menarche. 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