{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:34:25Z","timestamp":1792805665302,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCS\u20100622358 BCS\u20101638167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCS\u20100622358 BCS\u20101638167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001388","name":"Wenner-Gren Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7460 9278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7460 9278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Milk lactoferrin is a multi\u2010functional, iron\u2010binding glycoprotein with immunomodulatory effects, protecting infants against infectious diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study explored how maternal inflammation\/infection and iron\u2010deficiency anemia (IDA) might influence human milk lactoferrin. Lactoferrin might be elevated with maternal inflammation resulting from infectious disease processes. Conversely, lactoferrin might decrease with IDA, corresponding to scarce maternal iron for transfer in milk. In these two hypothesized scenarios, the degree of lactoferrin elevation or decrease might vary with infant vulnerability to infectious diseases or malnutrition. Alternatively, lactoferrin might be unassociated with inflammation\/infection or IDA if mothers could buffer it against these conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials &amp; Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used cross\u2010sectional data from Ariaal mothers of northern Kenya (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009200) to evaluate associations between milk lactoferrin and maternal inflammation\/infection, IDA, infant age\/sex, and the mother\u2010infant variable interactions in multivariate regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal inflammation was associated with higher lactoferrin for younger infants (&lt;~5\u00a0months of age) but with lower lactoferrin for older infants. Maternal IDA was unassociated with lactoferrin alone or in interaction with infant variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion &amp; Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results suggest that mothers of vulnerable young infants deliver more lactoferrin when they have inflammation\/infection but mothers with older infants do not, and that maternal delivery of lactoferrin is unaffected by their IDA.\u00a0Longitudinal research should verify these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T07:33:40Z","timestamp":1664609620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Human milk lactoferrin variation in relation to maternal inflammation and iron deficiency in northern Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9173-6678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masako","family":"Fujita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"},{"name":"Biomarker Laboratory for Anthropological Research Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4913-5075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Wander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Binghamton University (SUNY)  Binghamton New York USA"},{"name":"Laboratory for Anthropometry and Biomarkers Binghamton University  Binghamton New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3423-8271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nerli","family":"Paredes Ruvalcaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"},{"name":"Biomarker Laboratory for Anthropological Research Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia Ngozi","family":"Odo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"},{"name":"Biomarker Laboratory for Anthropological Research Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education University of Nigeria  Nsukka Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2010.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"An epidemiological and evolutionary investigation of mother\u2010offspring vitamin A transfer [Unpublished PhD thesis]. University of Washington","author":"Fujita M.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eoz030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.20289"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.36.531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6133\/apjcn.201912_28(4).0017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2013.0016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22334"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330280507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2016-0060"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Human Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajhb.23812","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajhb.23812","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajhb.23812","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T08:10:39Z","timestamp":1692519039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajhb.23812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajhb.23812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.23812","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-0533","1520-6300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-0533","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e23812"}}