{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T23:29:45Z","timestamp":1781825385485,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K11610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K11610"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The factors involved in changes in grip strength (GS) during growth\/development are not well known. Findings from cross\u2010sectional studies have indicated that digit lengths are associated with physical fitness, including GS. This study aimed to investigate the association of changes in GS over 1 year and the second (2D) and fourth (4D) digit lengths in young children using the 4D as a covariate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and three young children (54 boys and 49 girls) performed maximum voluntary GS and ultrasound\u2010measured forearm muscle thickness measurements in the right hand. All participants completed the first measurement and underwent a second measurement 1 year after the first one. The 2D and 4D were taken on the palmar surface of the outstretched right hand at the second measurement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 2D was inversely associated with the change in GS (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22122.1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023) adjusted for all covariates. Girls had numerically lower adjusted changes in grip strength, although this was not statistically significant [\u22120.61 (\u22121.2, 0.02) kg]. When sex was removed from the model, the 2D remained inversely associated with the change in GS (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22122.39, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011). Finally, when only adjusting for the 4D, the 2D was inversely associated with the change in GS (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22123.07, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study documented the association between changes in GS over 1 year and digit lengths in young children. The difference in children's digit length needs to be recognized as a factor involved in weak GS in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T04:38:16Z","timestamp":1680237496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of changes in grip strength with second digit length adjusted for fourth digit length in young children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0568-1004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Abe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Sports Science &amp; Medicine Juntendo University  Inzai\u2010shi Chiba 270\u20101695 Japan"},{"name":"Division of Children's Health and Exercise Research Institute of Trainology  Fukuoka\u2010shi Fukuoka 814\u20100001 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akemi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Children's Health and Exercise Research Institute of Trainology  Fukuoka\u2010shi Fukuoka 814\u20100001 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5409-9075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy P.","family":"Loenneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi  Mississippi 38677 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23771"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children9111616"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ijcm.2022.1311035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"644","article-title":"Statistical considerations regarding the use of ratios to adjust data","volume":"19","author":"Allison D. 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