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Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the associations between chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone\u2010binding globulin (SHBG), using a large nationally\u2010representative data set (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NHANES is a cross\u2010sectional survey, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation of a nationally\u2010representative sample of a non\u2010institutionalized United States population. Male participants aged \u226518\u2009years during the NHANES 2013\u20132014 and NHANES 2015\u20132016 survey periods were selected for this analysis. The analysis included the following data: body mass index (BMI), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA\u2010IR), insulin, glucose, and age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An overweight or obese condition was significantly inversely associated with TT and SHBG, even after adjusting for other variables. Several variables associated with T2DM (OGTT, HOMA\u2010IR, insulin, and glucose) were also inversely associated with TT; however, only the associations between OGTT and insulin with TT remained significant after adjusting for the other variables. Insulin and HOMA\u2010IR levels were significantly inversely associated with SHBG; however, only the association between SHBG and pre\u2010diabetic HOMA\u2010IR levels remained significant after adjusting for the other variables. OGTT became significantly associated with SHBG after adjusting for the other variables. Age was significantly inversely associated with TT, but positively associated with SHBG, even after adjusting for other variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of the present study, which is the largest to date, indicate that a marker of obesity, BMI, and some markers of T2DM are both independently and significantly inversely associated with TT and SHBG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T08:19:56Z","timestamp":1687335596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Examining the associations between testosterone and biomarkers as men age"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3875-4815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bekele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural and Computational Sciences Dire Dawa University Dire Dawa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian L.","family":"Lopresti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Fairchild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"(NCHS)C.f.D.C.a.P.C.N.C.f.H.S National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data. 2013\u201314; 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