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Body composition, determined from lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM), was measured by dual\u2010energy x\u2010ray absorptiometry. HGS was measured using a digital dynamometer. Moderate\u2010to\u2010vigorous physical activity and sexual maturation, treated as covariates, were evaluated by accelerometry and pubic hair development, respectively. Spearman correlation and simple mediation analysis were used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A positive relationship was observed between BMI and HGS (rho\u2009=\u2009.364, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), BMI and LM (rho\u2009=\u2009.466, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), LM and HGS (rho\u2009=\u2009.784, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), BMI and FM (rho\u2009=\u2009.907, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and FM and HGS (rho\u2009=\u2009.291, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001). LM was the only significant mediator of the relationship between BMI and HGS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only LM mediated the association between BMI and HGS, almost entirely explaining the relationship. The findings reinforce the need to include LM measurements in routine strength testing. Furthermore, strategies focused on LM development may be promising in preventing low muscle strength in adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.24004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T10:20:03Z","timestamp":1697797203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mediation effects of lean mass and fat mass on the relationship between body mass index and handgrip strength"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4064-1975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateus Augusto","family":"Bim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Sports Sciences Center, Department of Physical Education State University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis 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