{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T13:05:41Z","timestamp":1765976741196,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010629","name":"Fulbright Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010629","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite repeated public health interventions, anemia prevalence among children remains a concern. We use an evolutionary medicine perspective to examine the intestinal microbiome as a pathway underlying the efficacy of iron\u2010sulfate treatment. This study explores whether gut microbiota composition differs between anemic children who respond and do not respond to treatment at baseline and posttreatment and if specific microbiota taxa remain associated with response to iron supplementation after controlling for relevant inflammatory and pathogenic variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data come from 49 pre\u2010school\u2010aged anemic children living in San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, Peru. We tested for differences in alpha and beta diversity using QIIME 2 and performed differential abundance testing in DESeq2 in R. We ran multivariate regression models to assess associations between abundance of specific taxa and response while controlling for relevant variables in Stata 17.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>While we found no evidence for gut microbiota diversity associated with child response to iron treatment, we observed several differential abundance patterns between responders and non\u2010responders at both timepoints. Additionally, we present support for a nonzero relationship between lower relative abundance of <jats:italic>Barnesiellaceae<\/jats:italic> and response to iron supplementation in samples collected before and after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>While larger studies and more specific approaches are needed to understand the relationship between microbes and anemia in an epidemiological context, this study suggests that investigating nutritional status and pathogen exposure is key to better understanding the gut microbiome and impact of iron fortification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.24058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T09:33:25Z","timestamp":1709199205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intestinal microbiota composition and efficacy of iron supplementation in Peruvian children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8860-0307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achsah F.","family":"Dorsey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Massachusetts  Amherst Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9817-5877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeff","family":"Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease (CGIBD), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, UNC Microbiome Core University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5727-6591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel B.","family":"Burten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology University of Massachusetts  Amherst Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0325-1289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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