{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:38:18Z","timestamp":1759941498906,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In non\u2010industrialized and low\u2010income populations, adipose stores can serve as a valuable buffer against harsh conditions such as seasonal food scarcity. However, these reserves may incur costs due to adipocytes' production of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines; inflammation is associated with increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases later in life. Life history theory posits that, especially in populations with high juvenile mortality, higher adiposity may nonetheless be advantageous if its benefits in early life outweigh its later costs. Relatively little is known about adolescents' C\u2010reactive protein concentration (CRP; an inflammation biomarker) in such environments. We investigated CRP and its associations with several hypothesized predictors in adolescents in an economically diverse peri\u2010urban Andean community.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured CRP in dried blood spots and collected data on anthropometrics, illnesses, socioeconomic status (SES), and menarcheal status in 59 female and 40 male adolescents (\u201cAlte\u00f1os\u201d, 11.0\u201314.9\u2009years old) with normal vital signs in El Alto, Bolivia (~4150\u2009m amsl). We used Cole's LMS method to standardize all anthropometrics for sex and age, and principal components analysis to construct a \u201cfat\u2010factor\u201d variable loading on these standardized z\u2010scores. We used multiple linear regression to assess the influence of fat\u2010factor and other likely predictors on CRP rank.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to a national Bolivian growth reference, Alte\u00f1os were, on average, shorter and leaner; only 6% were classified as overweight and none were obese. Pre\u2010menarche females were on average leaner than post\u2010menarche females. The best\u2010fitting model explained 24% of the variance in CRP rank. Significant predictors were fat\u2010factor, SES, current illness for males and pre\u2010menarche females, and z\u2010height for females.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results are consistent with a tradeoff between investments in growth versus immune functioning, as might be expected in an environment with limited resources and high pathogen exposure (e.g., soil\u2010transmitted helminths, poor sanitation). Thinner Alte\u00f1os appear to maintain a minimum CRP concentration independent of fat\u2010factor, while fatter (or less\u2010thin) Alte\u00f1os' CRP rises with fat\u2010factor. Female Alte\u00f1os appear to be trading off investment in immune response for investment in growth and maturation. Alte\u00f1os' high rate of stunting and absence of obesity suggests chronic, presumably multifactorial, stress. Adipose stores likely buffer against some of these stressors and, in an environment such as this\u2014in which many lack sufficient nutritious foods, potable water, adequate sewage, and health care\u2014may confer a net lifetime benefit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.24107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T09:10:08Z","timestamp":1717405808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) in high altitude <scp>Bolivian<\/scp> peri\u2010urban adolescents varies by adiposity, current illness, height, socioeconomic status, sex, and menarcheal status: The potential benefits and costs of adipose reserves in arduous environments"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6765-4557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia J.","family":"Vitzthum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Indiana University  Bloomington Indiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centre for Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Research University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"BKIS Orchards  Thetis Island British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Thornburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BKIS Orchards  Thetis Island British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Center for Spacetime Symmetries Indiana University  Bloomington Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5829-648X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas W.","family":"McDade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1489-8897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2744-8916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily M.","family":"Chester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Indiana University  Bloomington Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baileigh","family":"Goodlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Biology Program Indiana University  Bloomington Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esperanza","family":"Caceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Boliviano de Biolog\u00eda de Altura (IBBA)  La Paz Bolivia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilde","family":"Spielvogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Boliviano de Biolog\u00eda de Altura (IBBA)  La Paz Bolivia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21621"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"68","volume-title":"Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival (BASICS) Project","author":"Aguilar A. 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