{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T04:32:35Z","timestamp":1771648355578,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCS\u20101848330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCS\u20101848330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hot flashes (HFs) are experienced as sudden sensations of heat. We hypothesized that brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation could increase the likelihood of HFs in winter. The aim of this study was to test whether women with more BAT activity were more likely to experience self\u2010reported or biometrically measured HFs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women aged 45\u201355\u2009years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009270) participated in face\u2010to\u2010face interviews and anthropometric and ambulatory measures. Level of BAT activity was estimated from the difference in supraclavicular skin temperature measured by infrared thermography before and after cooling. Logistic regressions were applied to examine whether bothersome HFs (yes\/no) during the past 2\u2009weeks were associated with BAT activity, adjusting for menopausal status, childhood exposure to cold, waist\/hip ratio, and self\u2010reported health. Linear regressions were used to examine the frequency of self\u2010reported and biometrically measured HFs during the study period and BAT activity, adjusting for potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Menopausal status, childhood exposure to cold, waist\u2010to\u2010hip ratio (WHR), and self\u2010reported health were associated with both BAT activity and HFs. After adjusting for potential confounders, an increase in BAT activity almost tripled the likelihood of bothersome HFs (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.26\u20136.43). In linear regressions, BAT activity was not associated with frequency of subjective or objective HFs during the study period, but childhood exposure to cold was associated with subjective HF report (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.163, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first study of BAT activation and HFs. Our results support a role for BAT activity in HF experience. Therefore, we encourage further examination of the role of BAT, as well as childhood exposure to cold, in HFs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.24148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T08:45:36Z","timestamp":1725439536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Brown Adipose Tissue Activity and Childhood Exposure to Cold Are Associated With Hot Flashes at Menopause"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2703-6519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynnette Leidy","family":"Sievert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology UMass Amherst  Amherst Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5549-5694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofiya","family":"Shreyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology UMass Amherst  Amherst Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Witkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise &amp; Sport Studies Smith College  Northampton Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9832-8212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Hawaii at Hilo  Hilo Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13697137.2011.608596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0833"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.8063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0277\u20109536(00)00147\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013\u20103901"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e318205e35b"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.050989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31802efbb2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/37\/12\/N118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.GME.0000059862.93639.C1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-44103-0_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1989.tb00712.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200205000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70437-0"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"2354","article-title":"Core Body Temperature and Circadian Rhythm of Hot Flashes in Menopausal Women","volume":"80","author":"Freedman R. 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