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Chronic inflammation is implicated in cardiometabolic disease risk in high\u2010income contexts and is a potential pathway linking maternal adversity to offspring health trajectories. To clarify how socioeconomic inequality shapes pregnancy inflammation in middle\u2010income settings, we investigated SES as a predictor of inflammatory cytokines in late gestation in a sample from the Cebu Longitudinal Health Nutrition Survey in Cebu, Philippines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used multiple regression to evaluate maternal SES, reflected in household assets, as a predictor of general inflammation (C\u2010reactive protein), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin\u20106, interleukin\u201010), and inflammatory balance (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009407). Inflammatory markers were measured at 29.9\u2009weeks gestation in dried blood spots, and a measure reflecting relative balance of IL6 and IL10 was calculated to capture pro\u2010 versus anti\u2010inflammatory skewed immune profiles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater household assets significantly predicted lower IL6 concentration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u00a0\u20090.001), with a trend toward lower IL6 relative to IL10 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.084). C\u2010reactive protein and IL10 were not individually related to SES.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The inverse relationship between SES and pregnancy inflammation in Cebu is consistent with results from high\u2010income settings. These findings further highlight the influence of socioeconomic conditions on immune regulation during pregnancy. Given the evidence that gestational inflammation impacts offspring fetal growth, our results suggest that social and economic effects on immune function may be an important pathway for the intergenerational transmission of health disparities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.24161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T03:44:36Z","timestamp":1728359076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lower Socioeconomic Status Predicts Increased Proinflammatory Signaling in Late Pregnancy: Evidence From a Filipino Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8086-2297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haley B.","family":"Ragsdale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Illinois Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret S.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Maternal and Child Health, Division of Community Health Sciences University of Illinois Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Koning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of Nevada  Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelita N.","family":"Bas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Population Studies Foundation Inc. University of San Carlos  Cebu Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5829-648X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas W.","family":"McDade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"},{"name":"Institute for Policy Research Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2012.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3378\/027.085.0312"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"The Impact of Early Nutrition on Health: Key Findings From the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS)","volume":"19","author":"Borja J. 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