{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T20:23:35Z","timestamp":1793737415816,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]],"date-time":"2024-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF REU #1852406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF REU #1852406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF CNH2\u2010S #1924322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF CNH2\u2010S #1924322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015665","name":"Canadian Public Health Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG034424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG034424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In subsistence populations, high physical activity is typically maintained throughout pregnancy. Market integration shifts activity patterns to resemble industrialized populations, with more time allocated to sedentary behavior. Daasanach semi\u2010nomadic pastoralists living in northern Kenya face lifestyle heterogeneity due to the emergence of a market center. We investigate how Daasanach women manage the energetic demands of pregnancy with subsistence labor tasks and how market integration relates to variation in energetic demands, physical activity, and coping strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted nine focus group discussions with 72 pregnant women. We also deployed wrist\u2010worn fitness trackers with 21 pregnant women in two community types: central or peripheral to the market center to capture variation in market integration. Data from focus group discussions were analyzed using thematic analysis. We used multiple linear regression to examine the relationship between gestational age and physical activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified themes of increased fatigue, diet restrictions, and assistance with labor tasks during pregnancy. Gestational age negatively predicted mean daily steps, with a decrease of 1160\u2009\u00b1\u2009437 steps per day with each consecutive pregnancy month. Stratified by community type, gestational age only negatively predicted mean daily steps for peripheral communities, with a decrease of 1443\u2009\u00b1\u2009629 steps per day with each consecutive pregnancy month.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results suggest that physical activity differs with market integration early, but not late, in pregnancy. Daasanach women cope with the energetic demands of pregnancy by reducing physical activity late in pregnancy and receiving assistance with labor tasks from family and neighbors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.24174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T02:29:44Z","timestamp":1730082584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Physical Activity and Pregnancy Norms Among Daasanach Semi\u2010Nomadic Pastoralist Women in Northern Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3689-5892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srishti","family":"Sadhir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"McGrosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology Elon University  Elon North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie B.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biobehavioral Health Pennsylvania State University, University Park  State College Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Nzunza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia N.","family":"Wemanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Rice University  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Husna","family":"Mashaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Evolution and Social Change Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahab N.","family":"Kinyanjui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences National Museums of Kenya  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Ndiema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences National Museums of Kenya  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology The George Washington University  Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asher Y.","family":"Rosinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biobehavioral Health Pennsylvania State University, University Park  State College Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology Pennsylvania State University  State College Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2397-6543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herman","family":"Pontzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3773573"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2020\u20100398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558\u2010019\u20100632\u20104"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"The Focus Group as a Tool for Health Research: Issues in Design and Analysis","volume":"4","author":"Bender D. E.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Health Transition Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980022001689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1208880"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542\u20105196(22)00242\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2005793"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02508060.2022.2138050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093543"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/342428"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.3.1336"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2018.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520\u20106505(2000)9:4<156::AID\u2010EVAN5>3.0.CO;2\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102\u2010015\u20100018\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf0130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.20265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12110\u2010998\u20101003\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(84)90538\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abb1430"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed\u20102016\u2010103715"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2012.759621"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20051497"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/519806"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.21163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13633"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090\u20105138(03)00014\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2024.2310724"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23894"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029\u20107844(99)00598\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/160940690900800301"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Trend Analysis of Rainfall and Temperature Variability in Arid Environment of Turkana, Kenya","volume":"8","author":"Opiyo F.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental Research Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1524031113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00889713"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20898"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/57.3.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.12.2790"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2004399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20906"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016341003792459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23715"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102018\u2010099399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40101\u2010023\u201000318\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa093"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2013.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102\u2010311X2008001600006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966\u2010022\u201001379\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511983726"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19890033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.4.798"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ijch.v69i1.17430"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eoad030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23842"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","volume-title":"The Dhaasanac Language: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary of a Cushitic Language of Ethiopia","author":"Tosco M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2001.2465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","unstructured":"World Weather Online.2023.\u201cLodwar Annual Weather Averages.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.worldweatheronline.com\/lodwar\u2010weather\/rift\u2010valley\/ke.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.02.066"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Human Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/ajhb.24174","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajhb.24174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T07:24:21Z","timestamp":1752823461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajhb.24174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajhb.24174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.24174","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-0533","1520-6300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-0533","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e24174"}}