{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T16:20:38Z","timestamp":1754151638034,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) is a bacterium that infects the stomach and is associated with various gastrointestinal outcomes and increased cardiovascular disease risk. We examined the role of sex in and the social and ecological factors associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> seropositivity (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009124) and the relationship between seropositivity and systemic inflammation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009116) among adults in Metro Cebu, Philippines. Data were drawn from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey when participants were 21\u2009years old. Anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> antibody concentrations and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were analyzed in dried blood spots and plasma, respectively. The seroprevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> in this sample was 32.3%. In logistic regression analyses adjusting for sex, higher socioeconomic status (i.e., asset index) was associated with decreased likelihood of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> seropositivity (OR\u2009=\u20090.723, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015). Higher assets (OR\u2009=\u20090.688, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) and higher hygiene (OR\u2009=\u20090.754, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.026) were associated with decreased odds of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> seropositivity. Any level of excrement near the household, relative to no excrement (low excrement OR\u2009=\u20093.45, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.036; high excrement OR\u2009=\u20093.96, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021), was associated with increased odds of seropositivity. Sex was not associated with seropositivity. Seropositivity was not associated with CRP concentrations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.52). Our results support the role of both socioeconomic and hygienic determinants of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> infection risk. These findings provide new insight into factors associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> seropositivity in a population with no previously identified infection risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.70069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T06:29:49Z","timestamp":1747895389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> in the Philippines: Social and Ecological Determinants of Seropositivity and Lack of Association With Systemic Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2056-9658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassie C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2744-8916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2384-249X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula S.","family":"Tallman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Loyola University Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"School of Social Work Universitas Padjadjaran  Bandung Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2991-8037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shalean M.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health &amp; Tropical Medicine Tulane University  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7486-5208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa E.","family":"Gildner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4508-8507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tara J.","family":"Cepon\u2010Robins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Colorado Colorado Springs  Colorado Springs Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nanette R.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC\u2010Office of Population Studies Foundation University of San Carlos, Talamban  Cebu Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5829-648X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas W.","family":"McDade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology and Institute for Policy Research Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104\u2010018\u20103572\u20106"},{"volume-title":"Gender Equality in the Labor Market in The Philippines","year":"2013","author":"Asian Development Bank","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2013.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268898001964"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010023\u201015517\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15\u20100297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12403"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2009.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2013.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523\u20105378.2009.00668.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdad175"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574\u2010695X.2010.00722.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009\u20108981(01)00797\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620\u2010006\u20109210\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_687_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220380412331322031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524\u2010011\u20100077\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.972777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2017.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.5.224"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8020044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4166\/kjg.2018.72.1.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.23.2326"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20101253(23)00070\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13911"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174417000794"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.27080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812000714"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23740"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/142358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0b013e3283399f36"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010120\u201012\u2010199406150\u201000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.67.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-8213-9837-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.171016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100475"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569\u2010022\u201000797\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jef.v11i1.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268898008644"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096\u2010018\u20103414\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2020.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12865"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24941"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300\u20108932(02)76673\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa001999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22034\/APJCP.2018.19.5.1411"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czl029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/130288"},{"volume-title":"StatPearls","year":"2023","author":"Weir C. B.","key":"e_1_2_8_59_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(03)15268\u20103"},{"volume-title":"Water for Life: Making It Happen","year":"2005","author":"WHO\/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation","key":"e_1_2_8_61_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econedurev.2012.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200805020-00015"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Human Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajhb.70069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T16:12:18Z","timestamp":1752941538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajhb.70069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajhb.70069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.70069","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-0533","1520-6300"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1042-0533"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1520-6300"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70069"}}