{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:27:33Z","timestamp":1786976853936,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analyzes the spatial clustering and socioeconomic and demographic determinants of child undernutrition in Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an observational, cross\u2010sectional study using data from over 11\u2009000 school\u2010aged children in Greater San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n, the largest metropolitan area in the Northwestern Greater Argentina (NGA) region. We examined undernutrition at the population level\u2014focusing on stunting, wasting, and general undernutrition\u2014by analyzing both individual\u2010level factors (age, sex, birth weight, and preterm birth) and neighborhood\u2010level factors (percentage of households with unmet basic needs and the presence of informal settlements). Spatial cluster analysis was performed using SaTScan to detect geographic patterns of stunting and wasting. We then described and compared area\u2010level social determinants within the identified clusters. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 25, and mapping was conducted with QGIS version 3.10.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our study, about 6% of schoolchildren presented undernutrition of some kind, with similar percentages for stunting (2.77%) and wasting (2.98%). Multivariate analysis reveals these associations with stunting: age, low birth weight, preterm birth, and residence in high\u2010poverty neighborhood; wasting was associated with preterm birth and residence in high\u2010poverty neighborhood. Cluster analysis shows that undernutrition is concentrated spatially, in areas around informal settlements that lack clean water and modern sewers and have lower educational levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings underscore the value of a multi\u2010scalar and ecological approach to child undernutrition in rapidly growing urban areas. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence on nutritional inequalities and highlights the relevance of spatial justice in the development of targeted public health interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T09:36:04Z","timestamp":1752831364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multi\u2010Scalar Spatial Analysis of Social Determinants of Undernutrition in Schoolchildren in Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Laura","family":"Cordero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Territoriales y Tecnol\u00f3gicas para la Producci\u00f3n del H\u00e1bitat, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas  Tucum\u00e1n Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography Macalester College  Saint Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939\u2010016\u20100480\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Gu\u00eda Para la evaluaci\u00f3n del Crecimiento f\u00edsico. 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