{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T04:34:29Z","timestamp":1783744469739,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Immune dysregulation has been linked to adverse reproductive outcomes, yet its biocultural determinants remain underexplored. This study examines how environmental inequality and embodied life history factors intersect to shape pregnancy loss among women in two socio\u2010environmentally distinct, low\u2010resource US communities. We hypothesized that indicators of immune activation and reproductive history would be associated with increased likelihood of pregnancy loss. Data were collected from 112 women (ages 22\u201384) with prior pregnancies residing in rural Mississippi and periurban Illinois. Surveys captured demographic, health, and reproductive histories, and dried blood spot samples were analyzed for C\u2010reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulin E (IgE), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations. 32.6% of participants self\u2010reported at least one pregnancy loss, with higher rates in Illinois than in Mississippi (41.2% vs. 22.0%). After excluding biomarker values suggestive of acute inflammation (&gt;\u200910\u2009mg\/L CRP), none of the immune markers independently predicted pregnancy loss. As biomarkers were measured cross\u2010sectionally, they are best interpreted as indicators of immune ecology, reflecting both current infections and exposures as well as long\u2010term environmental inequality, rather than acute determinants of reproductive outcomes. In adjusted models, only number of pregnancies significantly predicted loss (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). These findings suggest that pregnancy loss in this sample may be better explained by the cumulative embodiment of environmental and social conditions that are not being captured by isolated immune biomarkers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.70256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T07:05:51Z","timestamp":1775459151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Embodied Immunity: Place, Inequality, and Reproductive Outcomes in Two US Communities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3924-091X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Manthey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology The University of Montana  Missoula Montana USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology The University of Colorado Colorado Springs  Colorado Springs Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. E.","family":"Gildner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Washington University in Saint Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6489-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. S.","family":"Urlacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Baylor University  Waco Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5446-8563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. K.","family":"Mallott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Washington University in Saint Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0733-6079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Chaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Washington University in Saint Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Washington University in Saint Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Waimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Washington University in Saint Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4258-015X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. L.","family":"Nemeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Washington University in Saint Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Beauregard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Washington University in Saint Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Shing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Washington University in Saint Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1016-2131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Samsonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Baylor University  Waco Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0398-6768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Pfaff\u2010Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Baylor University  Waco Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4508-8507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. J.","family":"Cepon\u2010Robins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology The University of Colorado Colorado Springs  Colorado Springs Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.21092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24574"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23889"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032\u2010024\u201001725\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475\u2010023\u201000282\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2024.2368851"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.024562"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22463"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossen L. M. K. A.Ahrens andA. M.Branum.2018.\u201cTrends in Risk of Pregnancy Loss Among US Women 1990\u20102011.\u201dUSM Digital Commons.https:\/\/digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu\/muskie\/39\/.","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12417"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717522115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404\u2010020\u201005461\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13864"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Human Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajhb.70256","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajhb.70256","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajhb.70256","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T04:54:53Z","timestamp":1777352093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajhb.70256"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajhb.70256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.70256","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-0533","1520-6300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-0533","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70256"}}