{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:50:07Z","timestamp":1782467407538,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS\u2010BIO 2031753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS\u2010BIO 2031753"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS\u2010BIO 2031715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS\u2010BIO 2031715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS\u2010BIO 2031888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS\u2010BIO 2031888"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS\u2010BIO 2031761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS\u2010BIO 2031761"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV\u2010016943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV\u2010016943"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2C HD042828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2C HD042828"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010500","name":"Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM152304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM152304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both psychosocial stress and current infection can increase the likelihood of reactivation of latent Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV). Pregnancy and infection with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 can be stressful and modulate immune function. However, it is unknown how SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and stress further interact among postpartum women to affect EBV antigen and antibody expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We examined associations among COVID\u201019 diagnosis, self\u2010reported stress, and EBV immunoglobulin G (IgG) in previously collected data from 45 breastfeeding US women (1\u201318\u2009months postpartum) during the height of the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Between June 2020 and March 2021, stress survey data and capillary dried blood HemaSpot samples were collected from 25 SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infected and 20 non\u2010infected participants at multiple time points over the course of 60\u2009days. Samples (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009104) were later assayed for EBV IgG. Statistical methods were pre\u2010registered, and relationships among SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, stress, and EBV IgG were analyzed via mixed\u2010effects regression models, adjusting for time postpartum and time elapsed since enrollment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a statistically significant association between self\u2010reported stress and EBV IgG levels, with higher average stress associated with higher average EBV IgG. EBV IgG relative concentration did not vary independently with COVID\u201019 positivity status or the number of COVID\u201019 symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest that EBV IgG relative concentrations were elevated across sample participants by stress, but not by the relatively mild cases of COVID\u201019 the mothers experienced.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.70289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T05:52:57Z","timestamp":1781329977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationships Among Maternal Epstein\u2013Barr Virus Antibodies,\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019, and Stress in Mothers up to 1\u2010Year Postpartum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2979-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Anastasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delaney J.","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Toronto\u2010St. George  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany D.","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Brindle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Integrated Maternal and Child Health and Development, PATH  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Caffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline B.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda E.","family":"Kunkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maia A.","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra D.","family":"Navarrete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Oregon Health &amp; Sciences University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina D. W.","family":"Pace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0812-1862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan T. A.","family":"Eisenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8771-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Pace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho USA"},{"name":"College of Nursing University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"},{"name":"Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet E.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho Moscow  Moscow Idaho 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